Job demands, job resources, and burnout among police officers

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between job demands, job resources, and burnout, and to examine if burnout could predict both work and health-related outcomes among police officers. The participants were 223 Norwegian police officers, and data were collected using a questionnaire. The study was part of a national survey of both health care and non-health care professions. The overall level of burnout was low among police officers compared to other occupational groups tested in Norway. Both job demands and job resources were related to burnout, especially work-family pressure was an important predictor for all of the three burnout dimensions. Burnout predicted individual outcomes, such as psychosomatic complaints and satisfaction with life, as well as work outcomes, such as job satisfaction, intention to quit, and organizational commitment. Suggestions for potential interventions to reduce burnout and negative individual and organizational consequences are presented.     

论人民陪审制改革的模式选择——谈“混合制”陪审模式的建立

人民陪审制在我国是舶来品,其建立的基本理念主要有两个方面:一是实现人民参与国家政权的管理和司法民主;一是通过人民陪审员的参与,实现准确认定案件事实、适用法律的目的。我国目前人民陪审制的实际运行与以上两个理念冲突,无法实现人民陪审制的功能。在审判方式改革日益深入的当今时代,英美国家的陪审制对人民陪审制的完善具有一定的借鉴意义。为此,我们主张我国人民陪审制的改革在立足人民陪审员对法律适用具有一定的发言权的基础上,借鉴英美陪审制的合理因素,建立混合式的人民陪审制。     

鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒gB基因的扩增及酶切分析

以从内蒙古区分离的 2株传染性喉气管炎病毒 (ILTV)株的DNA为模板 ,用设计好的 1对引物对这 2株毒株的 gB基因进行了PCR扩增 ,并对扩增产物分别用BglⅡ、PstⅠ、HindⅢ限制性内切酶酶切分析。结果表明 ,2个分离株均能特异性地扩增出该病毒 gB基因片段 ,片段大小完全一致 ,为 2 .6kb ;扩增产物的酶切图谱与参考株完全一致。     

Distrust of Government, the Vigilante Tradition, and Support for Capital Punishment

This study probes the interconnections among distrust of government, the historical context, and public support for the death penalty in the United States with survey data for area-identified samples of white and black respondents. Multilevel statistical analyses indicate contrary effects of government distrust on support for the death penalty for blacks and whites, fostering death penalty support among whites and diminishing it among blacks. In addition, we find that the presence of a "vigilante tradition," as indicated by a history of lynching, promotes death penalty support among whites but not blacks. Finally, contrary to Zimring's argument in The Contradictions of Capital Punishment , we find no evidence that vigilantism moderates the influence of government distrust on support for the death penalty, for either whites or blacks. Our analyses highlight the continuing influence of historical context as well as contemporary conditions in the formation of public attitudes toward criminal punishment, and they underscore the importance of attending to racial differences in the analysis of punitive attitudes.     

国外生物安全立法及对中国立法的思考

随着现代生物技术的迅速发展,生物安全立法越来越引起国际社会的重视。中国作为《卡塔赫纳生物安全议定书》的缔约国,不仅负有保护生物安全的国际义务,而且也有为本国生物安全利益而进行生物安全管理的现实必要性。中国目前虽然制定了一些生物安全立法,但就整体而言,这些立法无法适应生物安全管理的需要。参考和借鉴国际和国外生物安全立法,建立与国际接轨而又适合中国国情的生物安全立法体系,对于保护中国的生物安全,维护国家和全人类的利益,具有十分重要的意义。一、生物安全国际法的沿革和主要渊源(一)生物安全国际法的沿革国际生物安全…     

Legislation and Maintenance of Public Order and Civil Life by Occupying Powers

Article 43 of the 1907 Hague Regulations is a key provisionof the law of belligerent occupation. This essay examines howit has been understood by states and scholars, how it was developedby the Fourth Geneva Convention of 1949 and whether and howit was respected by the US and the UK during their recent occupationof Iraq. Under Article 43, an occupying power must restore andmaintain public order and civil life, including public welfare,in an occupied territory. Local legislation and institutionsbased upon such legislation must be respected by an occupyingpower and by any local authorities acting under the global controlof the occupying power. This general prohibition to change thelocal legislation also applies to post-conflict reconstructionefforts, including constitutional reforms, and changes of economicand social policies. The author examines the exceptions to theprohibition and assesses whether the widespread legislativeactivities by the occupying powers in Iraq fall under theseexceptions. He then analyses the question of whether the lawof military occupation ceased to apply in Iraq on 30 June 2004.It is also suggested that Article 43 applies to some peace operationsand provides a useful framework even for those peace operationsto which it does not formally apply.