Sino-U. S. Relations

A New View on Sino-U. S.Relations Sino-U. S. relations seem to have emerged into a more positive light in recent years. China and the United States have sustained a strong relationship since 9/11, for the simple reason that international relations at present require mutual support.     

印度股票市场改革的经验与启示

1991年以来印度对其股票市场实施了一系列重要的改革,取得了一些重要的成就,积累了丰富的经验。对中国的启示关键在于改革者要在既定的约束条件下完善相关的制度和规则,从而引导相关利益主体的行为以实现效率改进,同时在制度移植和模仿方面要注意有关的适用条件,在改革方式上宜快则快。     

When Negotiations Become Routine: Not Reinventing the Wheel While Thinking Outside the Box

In this article, we seek to apply the insights of recent research on routine to the context of repeated negotiations. To demonstrate the link between both concepts, we introduce an analytical framework in which we identify different negotiation situations in which routine can develop. We distinguish two dimensions of the negotiation process: a problem-solving dimension and a communication dimension. Our framework for analyzing the role of routine in negotiation is built around these two dimensions. We define those skills that we argue in repeated negotiations can help negotiators manage particular kinds of negotiations depending on the level and type of routinization that type of negotiation involves. Moreover, we demonstrate that our framework is inherently dynamic, which we illustrate with simplified business examples.     

US Presidential popularity and opportunities to coerce North Korea: a quantitative test 1990 2000

This paper investigates how North Korean behaviour towards boththe United States and South Korea is influenced by the popularityof the American President. The study applies theories relatingto strategic conflict avoidance and signalling to suggest thatthe American President is able to demonstrate a willingnessto use force when he is unpopular and as such is better ableto coerce Pyongyang. Using a time-series model, I demonstratethat the North Koreans become more cooperative towards the UnitedStates in response to decreases in presidential popularity andincreasing levels of US inflation. However, the study also showsthat the North Koreans do not alter their behaviour towardsthe South Koreans in response to low American President Popularityratings. The research, therefore, suggests that the North Koreansbelieve that the United States would be unable to launch a diversionaryattack in response to North Korean behaviour towards the South.This study provides a clear support for the strategic avoidanceof conflict hypothesis and suggests that the American Presidentsare best able to coerce North Korea when they are unpopularat home. Received for publication August 31, 2005. Accepted for publication December 21, 2005.     

区域自主创新与投资支持探讨

区域自主创新离不开投资的支持,投资支持力度影响着区域自主创新的水平。为此,需要对区域自主创新的投资支持力度进行评价,进而了解投资支持存在的问题。我们以山东省为例对区域自主创新的投资支持力度进行了评价,认为目前区域自主创新的投资支持力度不足。为了加强对区域自主创新投资的支持,需要充分发挥财政创新投资的引导和示范作用,促进财政和企业创新投资的区域分布合理化;应转变观念,培育技术研发型对外直接投资主体,调整对外直接投资的区位,调整对外直接投资的领域;应提高创新型企业的技术吸收能力,提高高新技术产业利用外商直接投资的能力,促进外商直接投资的区域分布合理化等。     

Reassessing the Effect of Economic Growth on Well-being in Less-developed Countries, 1980–2003

Development debates have been greatly influenced by the growth consensus: the conventional wisdom that economic growth should be the primary priority for less-developed countries (LDCs) because it most effectively improves the well-being of the world’s poor. We compare the impact of growth to other independent variables in an unbalanced panel analysis of up to 109 LDCs and 580 observations across six time points (1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, and 2003). Our dependent variables include caloric consumption, infant survival probability, one-to-five year survival probability, female life expectancy, and male life expectancy. First, we find that gross domestic product (GDP) has significant positive effects on caloric consumption, female life expectancy, and male life expectancy. Second, GDP does not have robust effects on infant and one-to-five survival probabilities. Third, fertility, urbanization, and secondary school enrollment have larger effects than GDP in the majority of models. The more powerful effects of fertility, urbanization, and secondary schooling cannot simply be attributed to an indirect effect of GDP. Fourth, we find that dependency variables do not have robust significant effects. Fifth, over time, GDP has become much less effective at improving caloric consumption and infant and one-to-five survival. We infer that there are serious limitations to concentrating exclusively on economic growth to improve well-being in LDCs.     

刑事和解的刑事政策价值

刑事和解的刑事政策价值,即刑事和解对实现刑事政策目标的意义和作用。刑事和解的刑事政策价值有:(1)恢复正义。刑事和解既关注国家法律的权威、社会公众的法感情,也关注被害人的利益,尽量恢复被打破的平衡,追求刑罚法律效果和社会效果的统一。(2)化解矛盾。报应性司法"以恶制恶"的实现途径可能会加深当事人双方矛盾,而刑事和解以面对面的商谈提供了化解矛盾的可能。(3)提高司法效率。刑事和解由于能切实提高轻微犯罪案件的处理效率,有利于犯罪人顺利实现再社会化,有效节省司法成本并促进司法资源的优化配置,从而实现司法效益。     

冠心病猝死的法医病理学免疫组织化学研究进展

冠心病猝死(sudden coronary death,SCD)是各种猝死中最常见的原因,免疫组织化学技术(immuno-histochemistry,IHC)是近年来研究冠心病猝死的有效方法。本文根据国内外文献对冠心病猝死的法医病理学免疫组织化学研究进展作如下综述。     

城市行政执法问题研究:以上海为例

行政执法问题表面上是一个执法膨胀问题,实质上是一个城市治理问题。本文主张改变现有执法结构,在规范行政权力、强化立法权力、扩展司法权力、提升政府治理能力的同时,培育市场和社会,使前者具有自营能力,使后者具有自律能力,从根本上消除执法膨胀以及由此带来的行政执法问题。     

猪ERK6基因编码区的克隆及组织表达谱分析

利用RT-PCR方法扩增了猪ERK6基因编码区的序列,将扩增产物与pMD18-T载体连接,构建了重组质粒;重组质粒经PCR、酶切鉴定后进行测序;采用Northern杂交和半定量RT-PCR方法在猪不同部位骨骼肌中分析了ERK6基因转录本的个数、大小及组织表达谱。结果显示,所克隆的猪ERK6基因片段长1 113 bp,含有1个1 104 bp的开放阅读框(ORF),该ORF编码367个氨基酸;该基因与已报道的人ERK6基因核苷酸序列相似性为90%;猪ERK6基因在肌肉组织中只有一个转录本,大小约1.5 kb。此基因在骨骼肌中的表达量最高,心、子宫次之,卵巢最低;而在脂肪、胃、肝、脾、肺、肾、十二指肠和胰腺中未见表达。结果表明,猪ERK6基因与已报道的小鼠和人ERK6基因一样,主要在骨骼中特异表达。