猪水泡病——在英国对污染物与圈舍采用的消毒法

在英国,对于法定疾病,在防制时所采用的用于圈舍和物具的消毒剂以及使用浓度均有规定。有效消毒剂分类表,按如下各个疾病归类:口蹄疫,禽霍乱,结核病,猪水泡病和普通疾病防治,即市场、车辆等一般常规消毒。对于口蹄疫和猪水泡病患病动物接触过的建筑物或其他场所,其清净和消毒方法列在上述法规中。这样的消毒属于《被污染场所》项下,由政府正常费用开支,并且由专任政府兽医官员监督执行。     

东南亚各国外国私人資本地位的变化

外国私人资本在东南亚各国的国民经济中一向占有重要的地位。这些国家即使在取得独立之后,它们的经济发展也仍然与外国投资相联系着。在这方面,分析一下资本输出的新现象及其浸透的形式、方法和规模,以及外国垄断资本组织的新动态,有着特别的意义。如所周知,在十九和二十世纪之交,外国私人资本输出成了帝国主义国家对东南亚各国进行经济扩张最重要的方针之一。帝国主义国家把自己垄断资本组织的投资看成是巩周对东南亚国家的经济和政治统治的重要手段。     

猪水泡病病毒分离物之间的抗原差异以及它们与B5型科赛奇病毒的关系

在猪已经有过一种水泡病的几次流行,其病原证明是一种肠道病毒。第一次流行在1966年发生于意大利,接着又于1971年在香港发生一次流行。1972至73年冬季在联合王国发生了一次更严重而广泛的流行,同一时期还曾在奥地利、法国、意大利和波兰报告过其他几次流行。1973年6月又在联合王国发生过一些疫情。从流行病学的观点上来看,重要的是要知道各国的疾病是否由同一毒株所致的。通过用在天竺鼠制备的特异抗血清作补体结合试验(与     

在蚀斑减少中和试验和放射免疫扩散试验中正常牛血清对口蹄疫病毒的交叉反应

摘要 曾用蚀斑减少中和技术和放射免疫扩散技术对150头非已知接触口蹄疫病毒的牛血清进行了检验,以估价在这些试验中交叉反应的意义和程度。对采自五个地区每个地区30头牛的血清,用7个型中各型有代表性的口蹄疫病毒进行检验。在特定的组群血清中,用放射免疫扩散技术和蚀斑减少中和技术发现在同一时间中均 有交叉反应的高水平。也看到用蚀斑减少中和技术对亚洲、南非Ⅰ、南非Ⅱ、南非Ⅲ型比对A、O或C型毒交叉反应的水平高,而用放射兔疫扩散技术对南非Ⅱ和南非Ⅲ型交叉反应水平也较高。对大多数血清反应的表现是颇为特异性的;已知血清往往仅同一或二种病毒有反应。     

Socioeconomic change and suicide: a time-series study from the Republic of Ireland

This ecological study examined the association between seven socioeconomic indicators (GDP, unemployment rate, female labor force participation rate, alcohol expenditure, marriage rate, percentage of births outside of marriage, and indictable crime rate) and total, male, and female rates of suicide and suicide plus undetermined death in Ireland during the period 1968-2000. Analysis of the data expressed as absolute values showed highly significant associations between the socioeconomic indicators and the total, male, and female suicide rates. However, these associations were explained by the strongly trended data. The trended nature of the data was removed by using year-to-year differences. Analysis of the first-differenced data showed that none of the socioeconomic indicators was associated with the total, male, or female suicide rates with the exception of indictable crime, which had a significant independent effect on the female suicide rate (coefficient = 2.0, p < .01) but not on suicide plus undetermined death. This study highlights the need to use econometric methods in time-trend analyses, the lack of age-sex specific exposure data in this area, and the challenge of understanding trends in suicide in their socioeconomic context.     

The role of psychopathy and sexuality in a female serial killer

The case of Aileen Wuornos, executed in Florida for the serial killing of seven men, is studied to determine her degree of psychopathy and the presence or absence of sexuality or sexual sadism as a motivation or gratification for her crimes. The authors, one of whom evaluated the subject shortly before her death, determined that she evidenced a psychopathic personality (PCL-R score 32). She also met DSM-IV-TR criteria for Antisocial Personality Disorder and Borderline Personality Disorder. While her killings ostensibly were carried out during routine acts of prostitution, there was ambiguous evidence that her crimes were sexually motivated or gratifying. Her articulated motivation was robbery and elimination of the witness/victim. After carefully considering all available data, the authors concluded there was no convincing evidence of sexual sadism in either her personal history or her method of committing serial murder, and it remains unclear whether sexual gratification was to some degree a motivating factor in her commission of these offenses. The confluence of early childhood attachment disruptions, severe psychopathy, other personality disorder pathology, and a traumagenic abuse history likely contributed to her having serially murdered seven victims.     

Postmortem non-invasive virtual autopsy: death by hanging in a car

A body was found behind a car with a noose tied around its neck, the other end of the rope tied to a tree. Apparently the man committed suicide by driving away with the noose tied around his neck and was dragged out of the car through the open hatchback. postmortem multislice-computed tomography (MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicated that the cause of death was cerebral hypoxia due to classic strangulation by hanging, and not due to a brainstem lesion because of a hang-man fracture as would be expected in such a dynamic situation. Furthermore, the MRI displayed intramuscular haemorrhage, bleeding into the clavicular insertions of the sternocleidomastoid muscles and subcutaneous neck tissue. We conclude that MSCT and MRI are useful instruments with an increased value compared with 2D radiographs to augment the external findings of bodies when an autopsy is refused. But further postmortem research and comparing validation is needed.     

A review of the analysis of vegetable oil residues from fire debris samples: spontaneous ignition, vegetable oils, and the forensic approach

This paper reviews the literature on the analysis of vegetable (and animal) oil residues from fire debris samples. The process of self-heating and spontaneous ignition is well-known by fire investigators and causes many fires. Vegetable oils are often the chemicals that originate such phenomenon. Vegetable oils are composed of lipids, which contain fatty acids. The autooxidation of the double bonds present in unsaturated fatty acids is the exothermic reaction at the origin of the self-heating process. The degree of unsaturation of fatty acids directly influences the propensity of an oil to undergo self-heating and, eventually, spontaneous ignition. When fire debris samples are collected, it is possible to examine them at the laboratory to extract and identify vegetable oil residues. This is typically performed by solvent extraction, followed by gas chromatographic(-mass spectrometric) analysis of the extract. Such analyses differ from ignitable liquid residue analyses, so a different forensic approach is necessary.     

Fatalities by ingestion of propylene glycol

Propylene glycol (PG), a widely used solvent and lubricant, is thought to have low toxicity when ingested. Three cases were identified where PG, either alone or in combination with other chemical agents, contributed to death. The decedent in whom PG was the sole agent was a 32-year-old schizophrenic man with cardiomegaly and renal impairment. The blood PG concentration was 4410 mg/L at least 9.5 h following ingestion.