An Interdisciplinary Case Management Protocol for Child Resistance or Refusal Dynamics†

High‐conflict parental separation cases associated with child's estrangement or contact refusal take an unusually large amount of court time and generate high emotional costs for parents and children. This paper reports on a study of a research‐based pilot project and protocol, called the Parenting Conflict Resolution (PCR), which is intended to reduce parental conflict, improve interparental communication, and support or restore the parent–child relationship. The protocol was developed at the Superior Court in Quebec City (Canada), and involves single judge case management, and lawyers' commitment to have the child's best interests as their primary consideration and to guide their clients to trust the process. The assigned judge and lawyers have the ongoing involvement of a mandated psychotherapist, taking a family systems approach with the case. The PCR also requires the parents to participate in a psycho‐educational, introspective group program to work on co‐parenting and communication skills. Ongoing communication between the professionals involved in the PCR is required to ensure cohesion and accountability. This pilot project was implemented with 10 high‐conflict families, 6 of which presented with the child's resistance or refusal to see one parent. A qualitative data study was undertaken into the experiences of all the participants. The most salient result is the resumption of parent–child contact in all six contact refusal cases. Discussion highlights key elements to successfully address these cases: (a) interdisciplinary program delivery, (b) systemic understanding of the contact problems, (c) focus on the child's best interest, (d) single judge assigned to the case, (e) lawyers' support of the parents' participation, and (f) psychotherapist reporting to the court.     

From france to new france

The history of family names is directly linked to the history of populations. In the French-Canadian case, this history has two main features: a small number of founding members of a population, and a rapid increase due to a high reproduction rate, without any significant new influx of immigrants. Other factors intervened in the success of certain names: differential reproduction rates between regions, how early the name was established; and the use of surnames, which in some cases replaced the original name. With respect to names, France and New France were very different. Research in France on the names of a sample of pioneers going to the New World shows little expansion of several names, particularly in the immigrants' region of origin.     

The June 1999 European Parliament elections

In countries with a majoritarian electoral system, the expenses of challengers are generally found to have a stronger effect on the electoral outcome than the expenses of incumbents. Research on campaign expenditure effects in Brazil suggests that this is not the case in countries with an open list PR system and large districts. This hypothesis is confirmed by an analysis of the effect of individual campaign expenses on the number of preferential votes in the 2003 legislative elections in Flanders/Belgium. An analysis of high quality candidates shows that the expenses have a substantial effect on the vote which does not vary according to incumbency status. However, the effect of media exposure on the vote is stronger than and largely independent of the effect of campaign expenses.     

Last-ditch attempt to improve the EU patent system

The European Commission has proffered a compromise seeking torevitalize the ongoing debate on the patent system in Europeby enabling Member States to reach a consensus.     

Entreprises publiques et intérêt général à l'heure de la gouvernance

Sommaire: Le contexte de la mondialisation et la remise en question du rôle de l'État ont menéà des modèles de gouvernance fondés sur la multiplicité et l'hétérogénéité des acteurs dans toute question d'intérêt public. Cette nouvelle gouvernance met en valeur des mécanismes d'ajustement mutuel basés sur la concertation, la négociation et l'adaptation réciproque des acteurs. La nouvelle donne commande une réflexion en profondeur sur la place des entreprises publiques au sein de différents secteurs d'activité. Présentées à l'origine comme étant garantes de l'intérêt général, les entreprises publiques sont elles aussi remises en question et confrontées à des logiques d'action parfois contradictoires (intégration internationale, intégration territoriale, planification stratégique et stratégies émergentes). Les auteurs brossent un tableau du nouveau contexte de gouvernance dans le secteur de l'énergie en l'illustrant par le cas d'Hydro‐Québec et de l'un de ses derniers projets, la centrale thermique du Suroît. Abstract: The context of globalization and the questioning of the government's role have led to governance models based on the multiplicity and the heterogeneity of the players involved in any issue of public interest. The new governance framework promotes mutual adjustment mechanisms based on consensus‐building, negotiation, and reciprocal adaptation among players. This new environment requires a thorough reflection on the role of public corporations in the various industry sectors. Presented originally as guarantors of the public interest, public corporations have also been challenged and are having to deal with occasionally contradictory principles (international integration, territorial integration, strategic planning, and emergent strategies). The authors provide a picture of the new governance context in the energy sector, using as an example Hydro‐Québec and one of its most recent projects, the Suroît thermal plant.     

科学技术中的伦理问题

尊敬的人民大学校长,各位与会者,女士们,先生们: 很高兴能够在这所蜚声世界的大学里面与各位进行交流.能有这样一个机会与大家探讨"科学技术中的伦理问题"这一重大而又令人兴奋的题目,我感到十分荣幸.