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571.
Erin A. OrrickAuthor Vitae John L. WorrallAuthor VitaeRobert G. MorrisAuthor Vitae Alex R. PiqueroAuthor VitaeWilliam D. BalesAuthor Vitae Xia WangAuthor Vitae 《Journal of criminal justice》2011,39(6):499
Purpose
Tests of social support theory have relied on aggregate crime rates as the outcome of interest, but such a focus ignores the potentially important macro-level processes and effects on individual-level behavior We thus perform the first multi-level investigation of social support theory.Methods
Multilevel modeling is used to explore whether the two varieties of county-level social support - the presence of charitable organizations and AFDC expenditures - are associated with recidivism in a sample of Florida prison releasees.Results
Results show that while social support explains little variation in individual-level recidivism, a combination of private and public social support may reduce the likelihood of reconviction for drug offenses.Conclusion
Findings provide mixed evidence for the prospect that social support—whether governmental or nongovernmental—is associated with recidivism among recently-released inmates. 相似文献572.
In recent years, a number of sub-Saharan African states appear to have placed restrictions on the operations of international non-governmental organisations (NGOs) within their state boundaries. Indeed, some commentators and academics have questioned the role NGOs should play in providing humanitarian aid to refugees and to what extent they are, or should be, involved in the political, cultural, economic and healthcare concerns and agendas of any state. However, the high HIV/AIDS prevalence in refugee camps in sub-Saharan Africa creates negative economic, social, political and security implications for their host states and many states lack the knowledge, experience and funds to manage the problem successfully. Within this context, this article examines and compares the role and effectiveness of two separate NGOs involved since 2001 in HIV/AIDS management programmes in two distinct refugee camps: Save the Children in Marratane Refugee Camp in Mozambique and the International Rescue Committee in Kakuma Refugee Camp in Kenya. NGO success in managing HIV/AIDS programmes is analysed according to UNHCR guidelines and specifically against four key aspects of HIVAIDS management; HIV/AIDS awareness, HIV/AIDS prevention, access to HIV healthcare services and the provision of treatment. 相似文献
573.
Joanna M. Lee Laurence Steinberg Alex R. Piquero George P. Knight 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(1):23-37
Ethnic identity development can play a role in youths’ perceptions and attitudes concerning police, but this process has not
been explored in delinquent samples. In this article, we examine how youths’ perceptions of police legitimacy and levels of
legal cynicism are related to processes of ethnic identity development. Participants were 561 black youth ages 14–18 (12%
female) who were adjudicated of a felony or serious misdemeanor. Data were taken from semi-annual interviews conducted over
3 years. Increased ethnic identity exploration was related to positive perceptions of police legitimacy and lower legal cynicism.
Higher ethnic identity affirmation predicted higher perceived legitimacy over time, but affirmation was not related to legal
cynicism after accounting for psychosocial maturity. This study provides evidence that ethnic identity development operates
similarly among high risk youth as in non-delinquent samples, and that it is connected to beliefs that can have implications
for juvenile offenders’ future compliance with the law. 相似文献
574.
Piquero AR 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(7):761-775
The study of criminal careers generally, and patterns of continuity and change in criminal offending in particular, has been
a long-standing interest to social scientists across many disciplines. This article provides readers with an overview of this
line of research. After an introduction to the criminal career perspective, the article presents several ‘facts’ that have
emerged from criminal career studies. This material segues into a discussion of theories based on criminal careers research
as well as a related discussion of the emerging methods and trends in the area. The article closes with some observations
about public policy with respect to criminal careers knowledge and identifies some neglected research needs. A key summary
conclusion is that the processes associated with continuity and change are not mutually exclusive, but instead are important
and complimentary aspects of criminal careers research. 相似文献