中共哈尔滨市委党校学习贯彻党的十九届五中全会精神学习交流摘要

党的十九届五中全会是在“两个一百年”历史交汇点上召开的一次具有全局性历史性意义的会议。全会审议通过了《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和二〇三五年远景目标的建议》(以下简称《建议》),对“十四五”时期我国经济社会发展作出了系统谋划和战略部署。为学习、宣传、贯彻好党的十九届五中全会精神,引导带动广大教研人员努力成为学习全会精神的排头兵和主力军,中共哈尔滨市委党校组织教研人员学习交流。现摘编部分发言,以飨读者。     

Portable high‐resolution automated 3D imaging for footwear and tire impression capture

The forensic science community raised the need for improved evidence recognition, collection, and visualization analytical instrumentation for field and laboratory use. While the 3D optical techniques for imaging static objects have been extensively studied, there is still a major gap between current knowledge and collecting high‐quality footwear and tire impression evidence. Among optical means for 3D imaging, digital fringe projection (DFP) techniques reconstruct 3D shape from phase information, achieving camera‐pixel spatial resolution. This paper presents a high‐resolution 3D imaging technology using DFP techniques dedicated to footwear and tire impression capture. We developed fully automated software algorithms and a graphical user interface (GUI) that allow anyone without training to operate for high‐quality 3D data capture. We performed accuracy evaluations and comparisons comparing with the commercial high‐end 3D scanner and carried out qualitative tests for various impressions comparing with the current practices. Overall, our technology achieves similar levels of accuracy and resolution with a high‐end commercially available 3D scanner, while having the merits of being (1) more affordable; (2) much easier to operate; and (3) more robust. Compared with the current practice of casting, our technology demonstrates its superiority because it (1) is non‐destructive; (2) collects more evidence detail than casts, especially when an impression is fragile; (3) requires less time and money to collect each piece of evidence; and (4) results in a digital file that can easily be shared with other examiners.     

基于激励理论的人工智能发明人身份探究

随着人工智能自主创造技术的不断发展,人工智能对以"人类发明者中心主义"为基础的发明人制度发起挑战.激励理论是专利法存在的目的,从激励理论角度考察,期望激励理论、公平激励理论和成就激励理论奠定了发明人激励制度的内部基础.基于对激励理论的逐一分析,人工智能即使能够自主完成发明创造,也不是基于激励意识而产生的结果.有鉴于此,人工智能不能作为发明人与人类发明者并存于专利法之中.面对未来时代人工智能自主生成或辅助生成发明的可能性,我国应坚持现有的激励自然人作为发明人进行创造的立法目的,维护既有的自然人是发明人的制度体系.     

灾害衍生型群体性事件:当前社会矛盾冲突的新形态

自然灾害不仅会给人的生命财产带来巨大损失,而且还易衍生各种群体性事件。研究灾害衍生型群体性事件,探讨特定的灾害情境及群体性事件要素的异化,构建灾害衍生型群体性事件的演化模型,明晰事件的演化特征,可以从动态角度分析自然灾害与群体性事件之间的衍生关系,实现对灾害衍生型群体性事件的全景式展现,拓展我国群体性事件的研究思路,为灾害衍生型群体性事件的有效处置提供针对性策略。     

监护人失职行为的刑法探讨

天津大悦城孩子不幸坠亡的悲剧,引发了社会各界对于监护人失职致使儿童伤亡问题的广泛讨论。然而由于传统观念与法律缺位等现实原因,此类事故大多以父母的痛哭流涕和社会舆论的严厉谴责而告终。是否确有必要将监护人的严重过失行为纳入刑法的规制范畴进行责任追究,不同群体提出了各自的观点和主张。为真正实现对未成年人权益的全方位保护,建议在明确刑事追责必要性的同时,学习借鉴国外监护制度的优秀经验,立足我国国情探寻具有现实可操作性的法律规制模式,并借由配套制度的建设与社会各方的有效参与,使保护工作真正落到实处。     

Railway Sector Reform in China: controversy and problems

The railway sector in China has undergone several major rounds of reform and institutional restructuring since 1986. These reform initiatives have largely been unsuccessful due to strong resistance from vested interest groups. The development of China's railway sector has raised some challenging issues that include the centralization of power in the Ministry of Railways (MOR), state monopoly control, rampant corruption and the accumulation of a huge debt burden. The 2013 railway reform initiatives have provided very little in the way of concrete measures to deal with these thorny issues but have instead created more controversy and problems in an already crisis-ridden sector. For the railway industry, the transformation from the mixed-function MOR to a monopolistic China Railway Corporation (CRC) will not necessarily lead to better railway management.     

法治追梦路上的灵魂伴侣

2021年12月,我与往常一样,打开2021年第34期《人民司法》,希望在文章里寻求灵感。蓦然间,“审理跨境电商案件的探索与思考”一文赫然入目,兼具文章作者和资深读者双重身份的我,那一刻的欣喜竟有了一种立体的律动。     

America First? Trump,Crime, and Justice Internationally

ABSTRACT

“America First,” as presented by President Trump, argues for an international strategy that persistently places America’s interests above those of anyone or anything else. Consequently, Trump has reshaped the international perceptions of the United States and has created more difficulties for the U.S. in coordinating of global leaders in resolving complex issues in the world. This essay reflects on how Trump and the United States are viewed internationally, the impacts of Trump’s anti-immigrant and pro-White nationalist rhetoric, Trump’s responses to humanitarian crises around the globe, and the potential impact of Trump’s stance on global climate change. Given these considerations, it is questionable whether “America First” policy has made “America Great Again” in the eyes of the world.     

政治转型与民粹主义的生成——以东南亚国家为例

民粹主义是转型国家政治发展过程中必经的环节,表现为一系列激进的大众政治运动,其背后隐藏着各种权力争夺与精英操作。在东南亚,民粹主义是各国从威权走向民主的转型历程中已经完成或正在面临的严峻考验,这一现象的广泛出现与东南亚特定的政治、经济、社会条件密切相关,首先是宪政民主的制度建设缺乏相应的经济发展水平支持;其次是因分配不公和城乡二元结构,形成了既得利益集团与中下层民众之间紧张的阶级关系;最后是新生政治势力与传统政治势力的较量被具体化为争夺民众支持的斗争。与欧美民粹的左右两极同时发展和拉丁美洲民粹持续影响国家决策不同的是,由于传统文化与传统政治因素的约束,东南亚民粹主义左右政治发展方向的空间较为有限。     

成本导向的机关事务管理优化路径研究

成本导向的机关事务管理优化应沿着提升地方政府竞争力的路径系统推进:一是管理成本的标准化路径,具体推进机关服务产品的标准化、机关事务部门与其他部门关系的法定化、服务标准的社会化、预算控制的绩效化、绩效管理的常态化;二是服务对象的扩大化,以社会大众的公共需求为前提和依据,创新机关部门的社会服务方式,并以公益价值的实现和创造能力为主要的价值目标和绩效考核依据;三是社会评价的公开化,推进机关国有资产管理、财政经费使用管理和后勤服务管理的信息系统建设,完善机关服务质量第三方评估机制,构建承接机关服务企业信用档案与分级分类管理平台。