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321.
Metnick CV 《Annals of health law / Loyola University Chicago, School of Law, Institute for Health Law》2008,17(1):101-33, table of contents
After explaining the role of the qui tam litigation and demonstrating its importance to fighting Medicare fraud and abuse, this article provides a detailed explanation of various court interpretations of the jurisdictional bar provision of the False Claims Act, a common and contentious statutory pitfall for qui tam litigators. The author provides a thorough evaluation of the law among different circuits to assist litigators in choosing favorable jurisdictions to increase their likelihood of success. 相似文献
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323.
Maureen O’Sullivan Mark G. Frank Carolyn M. Hurley Jaspreet Tiwana 《Law and human behavior》2009,33(6):530-538
Although most people are not better than chance in detecting deception, some groups of police professionals have demonstrated
significant lie detection accuracy. One reason for this difference may be that the types of lies police are asked to judge
in scientific experiments often do not represent the types of lies they see in their profession. Across 23 studies, involving
31 different police groups in eight countries, police officers tested with lie detection scenarios using high stakes lies
(i.e., the lie was personally involving and/or resulted in substantial rewards or punishments for the liar) were significantly
more accurate than law enforcement officials tested with low stakes lies. Face validity and construct validity of various
lie scenarios are differentiated. 相似文献
324.
Esther J. Lee Ph.D. Jennifer G. Luedtke M.A. Jamie L. Allison M.A. Carolyn E. Arber M.S. D. Andrew Merriwether Ph.D. Dawnie Wolfe Steadman Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2010,55(4):1032-1038
Abstract: Forensic anthropologists routinely macerate human bone for the purposes of identity and trauma analysis, but the heat and chemical treatments used can destroy genetic evidence. As a follow‐up to a previous study on nuclear DNA recovery that used pig ribs, this study utilizes human skeletal remains treated with various bone maceration techniques for nuclear DNA amplification using the standard Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) markers. DNA was extracted from 18 samples of human lower leg bones subjected to nine chemical and heat maceration techniques. Genotyping was carried out using the AmpF?STR® COfiler® and AmpF?STR® Profiler Plus® ID kits. Results showed that heat treatments via microwave or Biz/Na2CO3 in sub‐boiling water efficiently macerate bone and produce amplifiable nuclear DNA for genetic analysis. Long‐term use of chemicals such as hydrogen peroxide is discouraged as it results in poor bone quality and has deleterious effects on DNA amplification. 相似文献
325.
The purpose of this research was to examine the role of within-person processes in determining the impact of parental corporal
punishment on mental health in older adolescents. A stress appraisal scale specific to corporal punishment and an attitudes
towards corporal punishment scale were developed for this study and examined as determinants of the impact of corporal punishment
on psychological and parent-child relationship outcomes. Results of this research indicated that participants’ evaluations
of their parents’ corporal punishment as threatening was more important than the actual frequency of corporal punishment in
determining adolescent mental health, and were significantly associated with the mental health measures after controlling
for other elements of parenting. In addition, the mother-child relationship was more adversely impacted by mothers’ corporal
punishment when adolescents evaluated that punishment negatively. These results enhance theoretical models describing intrapersonal
processes through which subabusive parental violence affects children and can help to improve intervention efforts aimed at
reducing negative outcomes associated with corporal punishment. 相似文献
326.
Martine B. Powell Carolyn H. Hughes‐Scholes Cristina Cavezza Mark A. Stoové 《Legal and Criminological Psychology》2010,15(2):243-260
Purpose. Three studies examined the degree to which investigative interviewers' adherence to best‐practice guidelines is consistent across similar mock interviews. Method. In each study, two interviews were administered within a period of several hours. Further, group and individual stability of interviewer performance was analysed, and performance was measured by calculating the proportion of open‐ended and leading questions as well as the presence of predetermined problem behaviours. The studies varied depending on the type of interview paradigm employed. Interviewer performance in Study 1was measured in a group context where participants rotated between the role of interviewer, child respondent, and observer. In Study 2, an adult played the role of a child recalling abuse but this occurred in isolation (participants did not observe others or play the child). Study 3 was similar to Study 2 except that in each interview an unfamiliar child aged 5–7 years recalled an innocuous event. Results. Interviewer performance was relatively stable across tasks, although the strength of the relationship between measures varied across analyses. Improvement in open‐ended question usage occurred in Study 1 but not Studies 2 and 3. Irrespective of the assessment context, the dichotomous rating scale yielded greater consistency than when questions were tallied. Further, group stability overestimated individual stability. The practical implications of these findings for trainers and researchers are discussed. 相似文献
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328.
Carlton S. Gass Carolyn L. Williams Edward Cumella James N. Butcher Zina Kally 《Psychological injury and law》2010,3(1):81-85
The Fake Bad Scale (FBS; Symptom Validity Scale) has fundamental psychometric flaws, interpretive problems, and potentially adverse societal consequences that are not appreciated by Ben-Porath et al. (Psychological Injury and Law 2(1), 62–85, 2009a, b). The FBS was constructed without due consideration to scientifically based guidelines for scale development (Clark and Watson, Psychological Assessment 7, 309–319, 1995; Jackson, Psychological Review 78, 229–248, 1971; Nunnally 1978; Holden and Troister, Canadian Psychology 50, 120–130, 2009). After almost two decades in existence, its face, content, and construct validity have not been established in the empirical literature. Oft-cited discriminant studies that appear to support the FBS are premature because of the scale’s unestablished psychometric foundation. In addition, these studies have significant methodological weaknesses that preclude definitive conclusions about what the scale actually measures. We review these weaknesses and recent legal cases that challenge the scale. We recommend that the FBS’s validity and fairness be addressed in an independent scientific review by the Buros Mental Measurement Test Evaluation System, a non-profit center specializing in the evaluation of commercially available tests. 相似文献
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330.