纸喷雾质谱在物证检验中的应用

物证检验中,建立简便、快捷、样品前处理步骤少的质谱分析方法一直是一大挑战。纸喷雾电离技术具有快速灵敏、经济高效、操作简便的特点,可有效解决物证检验中的难题。本文综述了纸喷雾电离质谱在物证检验领域相关应用的最新进展,主要包括毒物毒品分析、药物滥用、农残检测、食品及日用品安全、文书检验及爆炸物检测,并辅以展望。     

论正确处理工会维护职能与其他各项职能之间关系问题

在社会主义市场经济条件下,工会要处理好突出维护职能与履行好其他各项职能的关系,切实做到主动维权、依法维权、科学维权,维护好职工合法权益,保护和调动好职工的积极性和创造性,充分发挥工人阶级的主力军作用,为全面建设小康社会和构建社会主义和谐社会贡献力量。     

孟子与普罗泰戈拉人学思想之会通

孟子和普罗泰戈拉人学思想有其会通之处:孟子的“人性皆善”的思想与普罗泰戈拉的“人皆有美德”的思想会通“,万物皆备于我”的理论与“人是万物的尺度”的理论会通,深入研究这些会通,可以加深对中西哲学融合贯通的理解。     

国外政府机构设置的做法和经验

世界各国中央政府机构的设置情况,既有各自特点,也有一些共同做法。考察分析这些共同做法,有助于了解国外政府机构设置的经验,为我国的政府机构改革提供参考和借鉴。本文选取了九个国家作为分析对象,对各国中央政府的机构设置进行了梳理,尤其对美国、英国、日本和德国的做法进行了较为详细的介绍,探讨了各国中央政府机构设置的一般做法和趋势。     

Observers Report on the Election of President of The Republic of Uzbekistan

I.Things You Might Not Know1.What is it like in Uzbekistan?Located in a narrow stretch of land from east to west,Uzbekistan has the largest population in Central Asia.Renowned as one of the most important countries along the ancient Silk Road,it has a rich culture and history.The cotton and wheat designs on its national emblem introduce Uzbekistan as a great agricultural country.Given the cold weather upon our arriv-     

法治视野下的行政指导简

在现代行政管理关系中,通过协商合作行政机关与行政相对人达成一种新型的法律关系,从单一的行政活动论“行政行为”转向多元行政活动论“行政指导”等.随着市场经济和民主政治的全面发展,行政指导在法律实务中的地位不断提升,如2013年H7N9禽流感来袭,应急性行政指导措施有效抑制病毒传播.进行行政指导法治化建设将直接影响到我国宪政发展程度.     

Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (“Bath Salts”),Related Death: Case Report and Review of the Literature,

Cathinone derivatives (bath salts) have emerged as the latest drugs of abuse. 3,4‐methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) is the primary active ingredient in bath salts used in this country. This article presents the second reported cause of death by MDPV intoxication alone. In April 2011, a delusional man was emergently brought to a hospital, where he self‐reported bath salt usage. He became agitated, developed ventricular tachycardia, hyperthermia, and died. Comprehensive alcohol and drug testing was performed. Using the alkaline drug screen, heart blood contained 0.7 mg/L MDPV and peripheral blood contained 1.0 mg/L MDPV. His bizarre behavior with life‐threatening hyperthermia was consistent with an MDPV‐induced excited delirium state. MDPV is not yet found by routine immunoassay toxicology screens. Testing for MDPV should be considered in cases with a history of polysubstance abuse with stimulant type drugs, report of acute onset of psychogenic symptoms, excited delirium syndrome, or presentation in a hyperthermic state.     

The Use of Near‐Infrared Photography to Image Fired Bullets and Cartridge Cases

An imaging technique that is capable of reducing glare, reflection, and shadows can greatly assist the process of toolmarks comparison. In this work, a camera with near‐infrared (near‐IR) photographic capabilities was fitted with an IR filter, mounted to a stereomicroscope, and used to capture images of toolmarks on fired bullets and cartridge cases. Fluorescent, white light‐emitting diode (LED), and halogen light sources were compared for use with the camera. Test‐fired bullets and cartridge cases from different makes and models of firearms were photographed under either near‐IR or visible light. With visual comparisons, near‐IR images and visible light images were comparable. The use of near‐IR photography did not reveal more details and could not effectively eliminate reflections and glare associated with visible light photography. Near‐IR photography showed little advantages in manual examination of fired evidence when it was compared with visible light (regular) photography.     

Violence risk and gang affiliation in youth offenders: a recidivism study

Abstract

Youth gangs are ubiquitous around the world and have been problematic for the social and criminal justice agencies. Despite widespread public concern, there has been relatively scarce empirical scrutiny of youth gangs internationally and little outside of America and Europe. In particular, the activities of youth gangs, the function of gang membership, the criminogenic needs of gang-affiliated youth, and the risk of criminal recidivism for gang-affiliated youth remain unclear. Against this background, this study explored the sociodemographic characteristics, risk and rate of criminal recidivism in a cohort of 165 male youth offenders in Singapore, of which 58 were gang-affiliated. Multivariate analyses revealed that gang-affiliated youth offenders were significantly more likely to have histories of substance use, weapon use and violence than nongang-affiliated youth offenders. Gang-affiliated offenders also scored higher on measures of risk for recidivism (SAVRY and YLS/CMI), and engaged in violent and other criminal behaviors more frequently during follow-up. These differences indicate a significant relationship between gang affiliation and criminal recidivism in youth offenders. Furthermore, these findings have important clinical and policy implications, indicating an increased requirement for additional and more intensive assessment and tailored interventions for gang-affiliated youth offenders.     

War and Gender Inequalities in Health: The Impact of Armed Conflict on Fertility and Maternal Mortality

Recent studies have found significant excess mortality in women during and immediately after armed conflicts. This article directly assesses one of the most likely explanations, namely that war negatively affects reproductive health. Armed conflicts may contribute to sustain high fertility levels through increased social insecurity, loss of reproductive health services, and lower female education. Further, war's deteriorating impact on health infrastructure is expected to increase the relative risk that women die from complications associated with pregnancy and childbirth. These claims are tested in a global time-series cross-national study from 1970 through 2005. Three major findings are reported. First, armed conflicts are associated with higher overall fertility in low-income countries only. Second, maternal mortality rates are elevated, albeit moderately, in conflict countries. Third, conflicts in neighboring countries are associated with lower maternal mortality, possibly indicating that health interventions among refugee and host populations are relatively successful. While addressing one of the least successful UN Millennium Development Goals, this study also responds to the UN Security Council Resolution 1325, in which Article 16 specifically calls for the “Secretary-General to carry out a study on the impact of armed conflict on women and girls.”