栅格特征在打印文件检验中的应用研究

目的通过对打印文字栅格特征进行实验研究,总结其稳定性和易引起特征变化的因素,为二次添加打印和换页变造文件检验探索新的思路。方法以500个常用汉字为主要研究对象,选用不同品牌、不同型号激光打印机,设置不同分辨率或质量模式,用同一台电脑或不同台电脑安装不同驱动程序,打印中易宋体常用字不同字号的样本。通过对打印文字笔画细节特征进行比对分析,总结打印文字栅格特征的规律特点。结果打印文字存在三类栅格特征,一是横笔段厚度特征,二是竖笔段宽度特征,三是斜笔画阶梯特征。同一台打印机一次打印的文件,相同字体字号文字的栅格特征反映相同;不同打印机或同一台打印机连接不同版本操作系统的电脑,或安装不同驱动程序,或选择不同的打印分辨率,栅格特征可能发生变化。结论栅格特征在同一次打印的文件中具有稳定性,在不同硬件和软件环境下可能发生改变,可以为换页文件和二次添加打印文件检验提供新的思路。     

On the Legal Regulation of Algorithms

Increasingly, algorithms challenge legal regulations, and also challenge the right to explanation, personal privacy and freedom, and individual equal protection. As decision-making mechanisms for human-machine interaction, algorithms are not value-neutral and should be legally regulated. Algorithm disclosure, personal data empowerment, and anti-algorithmic discrimination are traditional regulatory methods relating to algorithms, but mechanically using these methods presents difficulties in feasibility and desirability. Algorithm disclosure faces difficulties such as technical infeasibility, meaningless disclosure, user gaming and intellectual property right infringement. And personal data empowerment faces difficulties such as personal difficulty in exercising data rights and excessive personal data empowerment, making it difficult for big data and algorithms to operate effectively. Anti-algorithmic discrimination faces difficulties such as non-machine algorithmic discrimination, impossible status neutrality, and difficult realization of social equality. Taking scenarios of algorithms lightly is the root cause of the traditional algorithm regulation path dilemma. Algorithms may differ in attributes due to specific algorithmic subjects, objects and domains involved. Therefore, algorithm regulation should be developed and employed based on a case-by-case approach to the development of accountable algorithms. Following these development principles, specific rules can be enacted to regulate algorithm disclosure, data empowerment, and anti-algorithmic discrimination.     

Constructing Common Regulations of General Part of China's Environmental Code from the Perspective of Legal Order

Order comes first in legal values, while laws should maintain the consistency and stability of order. The proposed China's environmental code (Code) shall restate the prevailing environmental legal norms and optimize the prevailing environmental legal order. From the perspective of stabilizing the legal order, common regulations of General Part of the Code should connect with the constitution and the prevailing environmental laws, determine the legal values of the Code-governing environment, and provide the foundation and basic framework for each subsequent part of the Code. Therefore, common regulations of the Code should recognize and support the constitution order and bolster the emerging eco-environment legal order relating to the eco-civilization construction. They should be coherent, value-orientated, and independent, inheriting the general framework of the prevailing Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and other specific environmental laws, and developing the applicable norms. Specifically, consistently with the legislative purposes, the Code common regulations should recognize the objectives of construction of eco-civilization and pursuit of social, economic and ecological sustainable development, and this pursuit should be carried out based on the basic principles; the application scope of ecological environment should be redefined in order to maintain the ecological value and overall ecological order; the clause on basic environmental obligations and the clause on citizens' environmental rights should be defined with the national environmental protection obligations as the main thread and the multi-player legal relationship as the framework; and the national environmental protection obligations should be preliminarily delivered with three clauses: national environmental protection financial support, environmental publicity and education, and global environmental governance.     

新时代关于党的历史主题重大论断的生成逻辑

历史实践本质是人的追求目的性的活动,中国共产党所必须推进和完成的具有根本性的历史任务即为党的历史主题。新时代以来,习近平进一步明确地用实现民族伟大复兴为主题,系统地阐释了党的所有奋斗的历史渊源、精神动力、历史起点、发展阶段、根本成就和基本经验,深刻地概括出党的奋斗过程的内在关联、演进脉络、历史本质和现实方位,形成了党的百年历史主题新的重大判断。这一党史观的重大创新,可以从理论形成逻辑和理论构成体系两个角度进行分析。     

On Zen and Ecology Health Dimenshon

There are three levels in the Interaction between Zen and ecology. First, Zen and ecology focus on illness caused by ecological problems,Disease pain is the basic point between Zen and ecology. Secondly, although Zen can improve health conditions, but this is just one of the results. The most important of Zen is “prajna”. The real world which “prajna” regard is same with ecology. The two emphasis on“ Ecological cycle”concept.Finally,because the philosophy of Zen focus on liberation, so the heath quality of Zen is better than general health.     

地缘政治视野中的中亚及其对中国的影响

后冷战时期,中亚独特而重要的地缘政治经济价值开始凸显,日益成为各大国和地区力量博弈的焦点。这对中国既是机遇,也是挑战。化挑战为机遇,使机遇稳固化、最大化,应成为中国对中亚政策的优先目标。     

中国—东盟区域金融机构合作的思考

中国与东盟开展金融机构合作不仅是中国国家整体外交的需要,也是中国金融业可持续发展、金融业发展壮大的必然要求。本文在分析中国与东盟金融机构合作现状的基础上,提出了中国与东盟金融机构合作基本框架和政策性建议。     

The Transformation and Prospects of NATO

The end of the Cold War has undermined NATO’s raison d’être.But instead of disintegrating,NATO has survived and,moreover,reformed and expanded.An epitome of the swiftly changing international security landscape,NATO’s development is the product of policy adjustment across the Atlantic and is constrained by conflicting interests both within and outside the organization.In the future,the extent to which NATO can exert its influence depends on its capacity to tackle new threats. Transforming NATO has posed a s...     

The Ukrainian Crisis： A Multidimensional Perspective

In recent months, Ukraine has undergone dazzling tragedies and ordeals, revealing deep domestic conflicts, changes in the international strategic landscape and big power relations in the post-financial crisis era. On March 18, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a treaty with the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol,