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981.
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984.
There is an apparent paradox that the likelihood ratio (LR) approach is an appropriate measure of the weight of evidence when forensic findings have to be evaluated in court, while it is typically not used by bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) experts. This commentary evaluates how the scope and methods of BPA relate to several types of evaluative propositions and methods to which LRs are applicable. As a result of this evaluation, we show how specificities in scope (BPA being about activities rather than source identification), gaps in the underlying science base, and the reliance on a wide range of methods render the use of LRs in BPA more complex than in some other forensic disciplines. Three directions are identified for BPA research and training, which would facilitate and widen the use of LRs: research in the underlying physics; the development of a culture of data sharing; and the development of training material on the required statistical background. An example of how recent fluid dynamics research in BPA can lead to the use of LR is provided. We conclude that an LR framework is fully applicable to BPA, provided methodic efforts and significant developments occur along the three outlined directions. 相似文献
985.
Holly?B.?LaPota Brad?DonohueEmail author Cortney?S.?Warren Daniel?N.?Allen 《Journal of family violence》2011,26(3):227-234
Women reported to child protective service agencies frequently report problems that significantly interfere with the health
and well-being of their children and themselves. Behavioral treatment programs appear to be effective in managing these co-existing
problems, such as domestic violence and substance abuse. However, evidence-supported interventions are rarely exemplified
in complicated clinical cases, especially within child welfare settings. Therefore, in this case example, we describe the
process of adapting an evidence-supported treatment to assist in managing significant co-existing health-related problems
in a mother who was referred due to child neglect and drug abuse. At the conclusion of therapy, the participant reported improvements
in perceived family relationships, illicit drug use, child maltreatment potential, whereas other health-related outcomes were
mixed. Most improvements were maintained at 4-month follow-up. Issues relevant to implementing evidence-based treatments within
community contexts are discussed, including methods of increasing the likelihood of valid outcome assessment, managing treatment
integrity, and adjusting standardized treatments to accommodate co-occurring problems. 相似文献
986.
This study compares women of color and non-Hispanic White women regarding the influence of socioeconomic status, family investment, and psychological abuse on leaving a violent relationship. It was found that most women who left stayed away for less than a month. Women of color and non-Hispanic White women did not differ in their length or rate of leaving, although women of color left more frequently when they did leave. Factors associated with leaving for both groups were threat with a weapon, psychological abuse, being single, and having fewer adults in the household. Women of color with higher socioeconomic status were less likely to leave, which was not the case for non-Hispanic White women. Non-Hispanic White women were more likely to leave if they had lived with their partners less than 5 years and had children at home. 相似文献
987.
We use a field experiment to investigate whether race affects how responsive state legislators are to requests for help with registering to vote. In an email sent to each legislator, we randomized whether a putatively black or white alias was used and whether the email signaled the sender's partisan preference. Overall, we find that putatively black requests receive fewer replies. We explore two potential explanations for this discrimination: strategic partisan behavior and the legislators’ own race. We find that the putatively black alias continues to be differentially treated even when the emails signal partisanship, indicating that strategic considerations cannot completely explain the observed differential treatment. Further analysis reveals that white legislators of both parties exhibit similar levels of discrimination against the black alias. Minority legislators do the opposite, responding more frequently to the black alias. Implications for the study of race and politics in the United States are discussed. 相似文献
988.
Despite attempts to mobilize communities of color, gaps in turnout among racial and ethnic minorities persist (e.g., Abrajano
et al., J Polit 70:368–382, 2008; Pantoja et al., Polit Res Q 54:729–750, 2001; Kaufmann, Polit Res Q 56:199–210, 2003; Ramirez, Ann Am Acad Pol Soc Sci 601:66–84, 2005, Am Polit Res 35:155–175, 2007). Scholars are only beginning to understand how parties or independent groups seek to mobilize these communities. In this
paper, we develop and test the Differential Contact Thesis, which holds that turnout differences between whites and minority
groups are influenced both by lower rates of contact by the parties and the use of less effective methods of contact. To test
this, we examine data from the 2004 National Annenberg Election Study (NAES), 2004 American National Election Study (ANES),
and the 2004 Miami Exit Poll. Our results support the Differential Contact Thesis: even controlling for the initial likelihood
to be contacted by the parties, racial and ethnic minorities were less likely to be contacted using the most effective techniques.
To some extent, non-partisan contact seems to compensate for the inattention of the major parties toward minority voters,
but this contact is less likely to mobilize voters than contact from the parties. 相似文献
989.
Daniel T. Ostas 《American Business Law Journal》2011,48(4):765-773
In this issue of the American Business Law Journal, Professor Don Mayer continues an important conversation regarding the ethics of corporate legal strategy. 1 Addressing several of my published works, Mayer offers two primary criticisms: (1) the works are too sanguine with regard to the appropriate scope of the strategic decision to “breach‐and‐pay,” and (2) the works offer too little guidance for the well‐intentioned corporate executive. In this response, I briefly restate my views, address Mayer's two criticisms, and offer concluding remarks. 相似文献
990.
Martín-Vega D 《Forensic science international》2011,212(1-3):1-5
Among the insects which are typically considered of forensic interest, the family Piophilidae (Diptera) is frequently cited because of its common occurrence on carcasses in different stages of decay. Piophilids are mainly known from the cosmopolitan species Piophila casei, which can be also a major pest for the food industry and an agent of myiasis. However, many other species of Piophilidae occur frequently on carrion, including human corpses; hence, it is essential to ensure a careful identification of specimens. Reviews of relevant published information about the Piophilidae species of potential forensic use, including recent interesting records, are presented. 相似文献