Stressful Childhood Experiences and Clinical Outcomes in People with Serious Mental Illness: a Gender Comparison in a Clinical Psychiatric Sample

Objective: This study examines stressful childhood experiences (SCE) including childhood abuse and family context in a cohort of 183 people diagnosed with serious mental illness (SMI) and compares gender specific rates of SCE and clinical outcome variables. Methods: 111 men and 72 women with SMI were interviewed regarding SCE and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, dissociative symptoms, risk for self-harm, and adult re-victimization. Results: Both genders endorse high rates of SCE. Cumulative SCE (the sum of seven SCE) are linked to increased levels of all four outcome variables after adjusting for demographic factors. Conclusions: The study addresses the need to assess cumulative SCE in a population with SMI and its effects on clinical outcomes in both genders.     

Children's experiences of domestic violence: developing an integrated response from police and child protection services

Police notifications of incidents of domestic violence to child protection services constitute an acknowledgement of the harm that domestic violence inflicts on children. However, these notifications represent a substantial demand on child welfare services and the outcomes for children and victims of domestic violence have been questioned. This paper presents findings from the first UK study to examine these notifications in depth and examines the interface between the police and child protection services in responding to domestic violence incidents. The research reports on police interventions in 251 incidents of domestic violence involving children; the communication of information to child protection services and the subsequent filtering and service response. Social workers found that notifications conveyed little information on children's experiences of domestic violence. Forty per cent of families notified had had no previous contact with child protection services in that area, but those cases most likely to receive social work assessment or intervention were those where the case was already open. Notifications triggered a new social work intervention in only 5% of cases. The study also identified a range of innovative approaches for improving the co-ordination of police and child protective services in relation to children's exposure to domestic violence. Arrangements that maximized opportunities for police and social workers to share agency information appeared to offer the best option for achieving informed decisions about the appropriate level of service response to children and families experiencing domestic violence.     

Social preferences for the inclusion of indirect benefits in the evaluation of publicly funded health services: results from an Australian survey

The inclusion of both monetary and non-monetary indirect benefits in economic evaluations of public health programmes and services can have significant distributive effects between patient groups. As a result, some patients may be advantaged and others disadvantaged for reasons not directly related to health outcomes or (direct) treatment costs. In pluralistic democracies, there is a case for consulting the community on the fairness of policies that have such distributive implications. This paper reports the results of two pilot studies aimed at uncovering the preferences of the Australian public for the inclusion of indirect benefits in the evaluation of services for its national health scheme, Medicare. The initial survey found some support for taking account of non-monetary indirect benefits - for example, the social contribution made by parents of young children and carers of elderly relatives. By contrast, there was little support for giving high taxpayers priority access to general Medicare services, to life-saving organ transplants, or to very costly drugs, despite the indirect social benefits of doing so. However, such support increased significantly in the follow-up study when the outcomes were characterised as certain, identifiable and health related, and the opportunity costs of failing to take account of indirect benefits were made very clear. The follow-up survey provided evidence of public scepticism about the willingness or ability of government to use additional tax receipts for socially beneficial purposes, and/or a preference for programmes and services that focus on health rather than welfare more generally.     

Annual general meeting, 1967

General

Imperial Sunset. Volume 1: Britain's Liberal Empire 1897–1921. By Max Beloff. London, Methuen, 1969. Pp. 387. Maps. Chronology. Index. £3.25.

United Nations Peacekeeping, 1946–1967. Documents and Commentary. Part 2: Asia. By Rosalyn Higgins. London, Oxford University Press for Chatham House, 1970. Pp. xviii+486. Maps. Bibliog. Index. £4.50.

Colonialism in East‐West Relations: A Study of Soviet Policy towards India and Anglo‐Soviet Relations 1:0.17–1047. By Zafar Imam. New Delhi, Eastman Publications, 1969. Pp. xii+531. Bibliog. Index. Rs. 40.

India and the Soviet Union: The Nehru Era. By Arthur Stein. Chicago and London, University of Chicago Press, 1969. Pp. xiv+320. Bibliog. Index. £4.30.

Studies in Asian History: Proceedings of the Asian History Congress, 1961. Edited by K. S. Lal. London, Asia Publishing House, 1969. Pp. 530. Appendices. £4.25.

That Untravelled World. An autobiography. By Eric Shipton. London, Hodder &; Stoughton, 1969. Pp. 286. Illus. Maps. Index. £2.25.

Religion

The Bhagavad‐Gita (first six chapters). Translated by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi. London, Penguin Books, 1970.

Eastern Religion and Western Thought. By S. Radakrishnan. London, Oxford Paperback 1970 (first pubd. 1939).

Dimensions of Islam. By Frithjof Schuon, translated by P. N. Townsend. London, Allen and Unwin, 1970. Pp. 167. Index. £1.75.

Buddhism, a Non‐Theistic Religion. By Helmuth von Glasenapp, translated by Irmgard Schloegl. London, Allen &; Unwin, 1970. Pp. 208. Glossary. Index. £2.

Christian and Hindu Ethics. By Shivesh Chandra Thakur. London, Allen &; Unwin, 1969. Pp. 216. Bibliog. Index. £2.40.

The Indian Theogony. By Sukumari Bhattacharji. London, Cambridge University Press, 1970. Pp. 397. Bibliog. Index. £7.

The Buddhist Revival in China. By Holmes Welch; photographs by Henri Cartier‐Bresson. London, OUP for Harvard University Press. 1970. Pp. 385. Maps. Illus. Bibliog. Index. £5.75.

Creative Imagination in the Sufism of Ibn Arabi. By Henry Corbin, translated by Robert Manheim. London, Routledge, 1970. Pp. 406. Illus. Bibliog. Index. £4.75.

The Field of Zen. By Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki, edited by Christmas Humphreys. London, The Buddhist Society, 1969. Pp. xvii+105. Illus. Index. £1.05.

South Asian Politics and Religion. Edited by Donald Eugene Smith. London, OUP for Princeton University Press, 1970 (first issued 1966). Pp. 563. Index. £1.75.

The Politics of Untouchability: Social Mobility and Social Change in a City of India. By Owen M. Lynch. New York and London, Columbia University Press, 1970. Pp. 251. Maps. Illus. Glossary. Bibliog. Index.

Religion, Law, and the State in India. By J. Duncan M. Derrett. London, Faber and Faber, 1968. Pp. 615. Bibliog. Indexes. £4.50.

Middle East

The Middle East in Revolution. By Humphrey Trevelyan. London, Macmillan, 1970. Pp. 266. Index. £3.25.

The Game of Nations. The Amorality of Power Politics. By Miles Copeland. London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1969. Pp. 272. Bibliog. Index. £2.50.

Army Officers in Arab Politics and Society. By Eliezer Be'eri. London, Praeger, Pall Mall Press. 1970. Pp. 514. Illus. Bibliog. Index. £4.

The Chatham House Version and other Middle Eastern Studies. By Elie Kedourie. London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1970. Pp. 488. Bibliog. Index. £3.75.

The Struggle for the Middle East, 1958–68. By Walter Laqueur. London, Routledge &; Kegan Paul, 1969. Pp. 351. Index. £2.50.

East and West of Suez: the Suez Canal in History 1854–1956. By D. A. Farnie. Oxford, Clarendon Press 1969. Pp. 860. Maps. Bibliog. Index. £8.40.

An Arab Common Market. A Study in Inter‐Arab Trade Relations, 1920–67. By Alfred G. Musrey. New York, Frederick A. Praeger; London, Pall Mall Press, 1969. Pp. 274. Bibliog. £6.25.

The Life and Works of Jahiz. Edited by Charles Pellat; translated from French by D. M. Hawke. London, Routledge, 1969. Pp. xiv+286. Glossary. £3.15.

A Time in Arabia. By Doreen Ingrams. London, John Murray, 1970. Pp. 160. Map. Index. £2.25.

Middle Eastern Cities: a symposium on Ancient, Islamic, and Contemporary Urbanism. Edited by Ira M. Lapidus. Los Angeles &; London, University of California Press, 1969. Pp. 206. Index. £2.85.

The Islamic City: a colloquium. Edited by A. H. Hourani and S. M. Stern. London, Faber for Bruno Cassirer and University of Pennsylvania Press, 1970. Pp. 222. Maps. Illus. £2.10.

Palmyra: text by Kazimierz Michalowski, photographs by Andrzej Dziewanowski. London, Pall Mall Press, 1970. Pp. 129. Illus. £2.40.

Current British Research in Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies. Compiled by Dr. Peter Beaumont. University of Durham, Centre for Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, 1969. Pp. 89. Indices. £0.40 or $1.

A History of Persia. By Sir Percy Sykes. London, Routledge &; Kegan Paul, 1969 (3rd edn.) 2 vols: Pp. xxxix+563; xvii+616. Maps. Illus. Index. £7.50.

Persia. Introduction by James Morris. Photographs by Roger Wood. Notes on the Plates by Denis Wright. London, Thames &; Hudson, 1969. Pp. 216. Illus. Map. Index. £3.15.

Indian Sub Continent

Curzon in India. Volume Two: Frustration. By David Dilks. London, Rupert Hart‐Davis, 1970. Pp. 307. Illus. Bibliog. Index. £3.

Sardar Patel. By D. V. Tahmankar. Foreword by Lord Mountbatten. London, Allen &; Unwin, 1970. Pp. 299. Index. £3.

A View from New Delhi. By Chester Bowles. New Haven &; London, Yale University Press, 1970. Pp. 268. £1.40 (paper 90 np.)

The Partition of India ‐ Policies and Perspectives, 1935–1947. Edited by C. H. Philips and Mary Doreen Wainwright. London, Allen &; Unwin, 1970. Pp. 607. Maps. Bibliog. Index. £5.50.

National Communication and Language Policy in India. By Baldev Raj Nayer. NY, Praeger; London, Pall Mall, 1969. Pp. 310. Index. Bibliog. £5.25.

Opposition in a Dominant Party System. A study of the JanaSangh, Praja Socialist, and Socialist Parties in Uttar Pradesh, India. By Angela S. Burger. Berkeley, University of California Press, 1969. Pp. 325. £4.05.

Jana Sangh. A Biography of an Indian Political Party. By Craig Baxter. London, OUP for University of Pennsylvania Press, 1970. Pp. 352. Maps. Bibliog. Index. £6.

Land Control and Social Structure in Indian History. Edited by Robert E. Frykenberg. Madison, Wis., University of Wisconsin Press, 1969. Pp. x+256. Index. $10; £4.75.

Trade and Empire in Western India 1784–1806. By Pamela Nightingale. London, CUP, 1970. Pp. 264. Bibliog. Index. Maps. £3.5.

The Nagas in the Nineteenth Century. By Verrier Elwin. London, Oxford University Press (printed in India), 1969. Pp. xii+650. Illus. Map. £4.80.

The Nadars of Tamilnad: The Political Culture of a Community in Change. By Robert L. Hardgrave Jr. Berkeley and Los Angeles, University of California Press, 1969. Pp. xiv+314. Illus. Bibliog. Index. £4.20.

A Garland for E. M. Forster. Edited by H. H. Anniah Gowda. Mysore, The Literary Half‐Yearly, 1969. Pp. 132 + viii.

Southeast Asia

Sukarno and the Struggle for Indonesian Independence. By Bernard Dahm. Translated from the German by Mary F. Somers Heidhues. Ithaca &; London, Cornell University Press, 1969. Pp. 374. Glossary. Bibliog. Index. £7.15.

The Broken Triangle: Peking, Djakarta and the PKI. By Sheldon W. Simon. Baltimore, The John Hopkins Press, 1969. Pp. 210. Glossary. Index. £3.30.

The United States and Malaysia. By James W. Gould. London, OUP for Harvard University Press, 1969. Pp. xi+267. Index. £3.30.

The French Presence in Cochin‐China and Cambodia ‐ Rule and Response (1895–1905). By Milton E. Osborne. Ithaca and London. Cornell University Press, 1969. Pp. 379. Illus. Bibliog. Index. £4.55.

Vietnam and China 1938–1954. By King C. Chen. London, OUP for Princeton University Press, 1969. Pp. 436. Maps. Bibliog. Index. £6.

Burma. By F. S. V. Donnison. Pp. 263. Illus. Bibliog. London, Ernest Benn, 1970. £2.50.

China

The Transformation of the Chinese Earth: Perspectives on Modern China. By Keith Buchanan. London, G. Bell &; Sons, 1970. Pp. xviii+321. Tables. Plates. Maps. Cartograms. Bibliog. Index. £3.25.

A Study of Chinese Communes 1965. By Shahid Javed Burki. Harvard East Asian Monographs no. 29. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1969. Pp. xvi+97. Tables. Index. $3.50.

Communist China's Agriculture. Its Development and Future Potential. By Owen L. Dawson. New York, Praeger; London, Pall Mall Press, 1970. Pp. xvii+317. £6.25.

Domestic Animals of China. By H. Epstein. Farnham Royal, Bucks., Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, 1969. Pp. 164. Bibliog. Plates. Index. £4.

Family and Kinship in Chinese Society. Edited by Maurice Freedman. London, OUP for Stanford University Press, 1970. Pp. 269. Index. £3.75.

Records of the Historian: Chapters from the Shih Chi of Ssu‐Ma Ch'ien, translated by Burton Watson. New York &; London, Columbia University Press, 1970. Pp. 356. £2.

Chinese Communist Politics in Action: edited by A. Doak Barnett. Seattle and London, University of Washington Press, 1969. Pp. 620. Illus. Index. £5.95 (cloth), £1.80 (paper).

Studies in the Social History of China and Southeast Asia. Essays in memory of Victor Purcell. Edited by Jerome Ch'en and Nicholas Tarling. Memoir by Sybille Van der Sprenkel. Cambridge University Press, 1970. Pp. 424. £4.50.

Sun Yat Sen and the Origins of the Chinese Revolution. By Harold Z. Schiffrin. Los Angeles, University of California Press, 1968. Pp. 412. Maps. Glossary. Bibliog. Index. £4.55.

The Cave Temples of Maichishan. By Michael Sullivan and Dominique Dubois. With an account of the 1958 expedition to Maichishan by Anil de Silva. London, Faber &; Faber, 1969. Pp. 77 + 104 of plates. £8.50.

Muscovite and Mandarin: Russia's Trade with China and its Setting, 1727–1805. By Clifford M. Foust. London, OUP for North Carolina Press, 1970. Pp. 424. Maps. Illus. Bibliog. Index. £4.75.

Far East

The Foreign Policy of North Korea. By Byung Chul Koh. NY, Praeger; London, Pall Mall Press 1969. Pp. xxi + 237. Charts. Bibliog. £5.20.

Book Pirating in Taiwan. By David Kasser. London. OUP for University of Philadelphia Press, 1969. Pp. 149. Index. £3.15.

Footprints in the Snow. By Kenjiro Tokutomi, translated and with biographical introduction by Kenneth Strong. London, Allen &; Unwin, 1970. Pp. xlvi+326. £3.25.

How the Conservatives Rule Japan. By Nathaniel B. Thayer. London, OUP for Princeton University Press, 1969. Pp. 349. Glossary. Bibliog. Index. £4.75.

The Izumi Shikibu Diary. Translated by Edwin A. Cranston. London, OUP for Harvard University Press 1970. Pp. 332. Bibliog. Indexes. £6.     

Legal Constraints on the Use of Race in Biomedical Research: Toward a Social Justice Framework

This article addresses three questions concerning the legal regulation of the use of race as a category in biomedical research: how does the law currently encourage the use of race in biomedical research?; how might the existing legal framework constrain its use?; and what should be the law's approach to race-based biomedical research? It proposes a social justice approach that aims to promote racial equality by discouraging the use of "race" as a biological category while encouraging its use as a socio-political category to understand and investigate ways to eliminate disparities in health status, access to health care, and medical treatment.