挤压家兔后肢导致急性肝损伤和抗氧化能力降低

目的本实验观察挤压家兔后肢导致肝氧化损伤,探讨氧化应激在挤压家兔后肢导致肝损伤中的作用。方法用标准重物间断压迫家兔后肢复制模型。采用生化方法检测ALT和AST活性;分析天平称重方法检测肝脏湿干重比值(W/D);比色法测定肝组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)以及丙二醛(MDA)含量变化;并观察肝组织病理学改变。结果血清ALT和AST活性明显增高(P<0.01),肝细胞明显肿胀,肝窦轻度淤血,而肝脏湿干重比值(W/D)轻度增加(P<0.05);肝脏氧化损伤明显加重,MDA含量增高,而肝脏抗氧化能力下降,SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活性和T-AOC分别比对照组降低了17%、29%、24%和21%(P均<0.01)。结论挤压家兔后肢引起急性肝损伤及肝脏的抗氧化能力下降;肝脏局部抗氧化能力下降可能是肝损伤的重要因素。     

Application of HLA-DRB1 genotyping by oligonucleotide micro-array technology in forensic medicine

The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system is known to be the most complex polymorphic system in the human genome. Among all of the HLA loci, HLA-DRB1 has the second largest number of alleles. The purpose of this study is to develop an oligonucleotide micro-array based HLA-DRB1 typing system for use in forensic identification, anthropology, tissue transplantation, and other genetic research fields. The system was developed by analyzing the HLA-DRB1 (DRB1) genotypes in 1198 unrelated healthy Chinese Han individuals originating from various parts of China and residing in Shanghai, China. METHOD: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled with the oligonucleotide micro-array technology was used to detect and type HLA-DRB1 alleles of the sample individuals. The reliability, sensitivity, consistency and specificity were evaluated for use in forensic identification. Furthermore, a meta-analysis was carried out by comparing the allele frequencies of the HLA-DRB1 locus with those of other Chinese Han groups, Chinese minorities and other ethnic populations. RESULTS: All the DNA samples yielded a 273 bp amplification product, with no other amplification products in this length range. The minimum quantity of DNA detected by this method is 15 ng in a PCR reaction system of 25 microl. The population studied appeared to be not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), expected probability of exclusion (PE), polymorphic information content (PIC), and discrimination power (DP) of the HLA-DRB1 locus from the Shanghai Han ethnic group were evaluated to be 0.8022, 0.8870, 0.7741, 0.8771, 0.9750, respectively. A total of 25 HLA-DRB1 alleles were identified. HLA-DRB1*09XX, *04XX, *12XX and *15XX were the most frequent DRB1 alleles, which were observed in 58.76% of the sample. One hundred and sixteen genotypes were found. The five most frequent genotypes were: *04XX/*04XX (0.0626), *09XX/*09XX (0.0593), *04XX/*09XX (0.0551), *09XX/*15XX (0.0384) and *08XX/*12XX (0.0351). The meta-analysis showed that there were uniquely distributed features of DRB1 alleles among various ethnic populations and among the studied population groups from various regions with the same ethnic origin. CONCLUSIONS: An HLA-DRB1 genotyping system has been developed and established based on the oligonucleotide micro-array technology. The HLA-DRB1 typing of the Han population in Shanghai has revealed a relatively high heterogeneity. Information obtained in this study will be useful for medical and forensic applications as well as in anthropology research. Large-scale micro-array detection is highly accurate and reliable for DNA-based HLA-DRB1 genotyping. These results suggest that HLA-DRB1 DNA polymorphisms and the database of the Shanghai Han group have useful applications in processing forensic casework (as personal identification, paternity test), tracing population migration and genetic diagnosis.     

小鼠皮肤切创愈合过程中iNOS和eNOS表达的免疫组织化学研究

目的观察小鼠皮肤切创愈合过程中,iNOS和eNOS在损伤区及损伤周边区内的表达及其变化规律。方法小鼠背部制作全层切创,应用免疫组织化学技术观察伤后切创组织中iNOS和eNOS的表达,并和无切创的小鼠作为对照。结果损伤区及损伤周边区细胞,伤后3h的损伤皮肤组织中可见少量的多型核细胞表达iNOS和eNOS,伤后6～24h,大部分浸润的中性粒细胞和单核细胞为iNOS和eNOS阳性。随着时间的延长,iNOS和eNOS阳性细胞以单核细胞和成纤维细胞为主。伤后3hiNOS的阳性细胞比率较低,6h～1d持续性增加并于1d达到最高峰,3～7d维持在一个相对稳定的水平直至伤后10d再次达高峰,10～14d开始下降。eNOS的阳性细胞率在伤后1～3h表达较低,6h～3d持续性增高,并在3d达到最高峰,在其后的5d内保持稳定表达,之后开始下降。而且损伤区及损伤周边区、特别是肉芽组织内的新生血管可见iNOS和eNOS不同强度的表达。结论小鼠皮肤切创愈合过程中,iNOS和eNOS在损伤周边区内多型核细胞、单核细胞和成纤维细胞中表达,其时序性变化可望用于皮肤损伤时间的推断。     

论抗战时期桂林人口伤亡

日军的侵略给桂林带来了巨大的灾难。整个抗战时期,有确凿数据或事实作为依据的官兵阵亡人数 为6729人。根据战争损失专家提出的比例(即负伤与死亡的比例约为2:1)计算,则抗战中桂林籍伤亡的官兵和在 桂林伤亡的其他省籍官兵的人数约为20000人左右。而民众死亡的数量根据人口的发展情况判断应在《广西年鉴》 所记载的数字的基础上再加上1万人,即约为3万人。     

侵犯知识产权刑事案件若干法律问题探讨

依据最高两院《关于办理侵犯知识产权刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》,科学认定“非法经营数额”、“销售金额”和“违法所得数额”是审理侵犯知识产权刑事案件准确定罪量刑的关键。同时,还应当注意区分侵犯知识产权犯罪与生产、销售伪劣产品犯罪之间及侵犯知识产权具体犯罪之间的牵连、竞合关系。从完善立法的角度考虑,严格限定侵犯商业秘密有关犯罪的犯罪对象、规范侵犯知识产权刑事案件的管辖权也是需要注意的问题。     

论保险诈骗罪的着手认定

保险诈骗罪是我国修订后的刑法所规定的一种新罪,学者们一般承认本罪存在犯罪的未遂形态,但是,对本罪的着手认定存在"开始实施法定行为说","虚假信息传递说","索赔说"三种观点。在比较分析的基础上,"索赔说"的观点应当更有利于司法认定,即应当以行为人开始向保险人申请给付保险金时为着手。     

加强职工民主管理改造公司法人治理结构——兼述企业主体“三元论”

现代企业的主体是由企业生产者、投资者、经营者构成,他们是企业最直接的利益相关者,企业的经营管理、经济效益、收益分配都实际体现着各自的利益和相互间的利益关系,构筑公司法人"三元治理结构",就是要有利于这些利益关系的平衡和企业的发展.     

析对知识产权客体法律确认性的适度突破--变"法律确认"为"法律确认和法官确认"

因为知识产权客体的无形性,所以需要法律的特别确认,这是知识产权客体种类与物权客体种类认定的重要不同之处,这一特点在今天的信息社会已经显得有些滞后,难以满足不断出现新型知识产权客体的需要.为弥补这一缺陷,应进行制度创新,即变单纯法律确认为"法律确认为原则,法官确认为补充".所谓"法官确认"是指由法律界定知识产权客体种类认定的法定标准和法定程序,当有侵权行为发生时,权利人可请求法院依据该标准和程序对涉及的争议客体是否为知识产权客体依法作出认定.笔者认为,应将信息性、创造性、可复制性、实用性、私有性和有益性作为知识产权客体认定的法定标准.     

E时代网络思想政治工作初探

互联网为现代社会提供了即时广泛交往、学习型社会支撑、现代人格开发、社情民意表达四大新平台;在网络日益普及的今天,思想政治工作领域发生了接受的主体性、手段的丰富性、时空的超越性、参与的社会性等重大变化;通过积极建构社会化工作平台,营造优良的网络虚拟社区文化,建立网络伦理导向机制,建设强有力的网络政工队伍,思想政治工作就可以把握时代新机遇,开拓工作新局面。