转化犯的构成特征新论

转化犯是指行为人在实施足以构成基本罪的危害行为后,由于行为人主观方面的变化,并出现了特定的犯罪情节,而使基本罪的性质转化为另一重罪,而按重罪定罪量刑的犯罪形态。转化犯的构成特征分为客观特征和主观特征。客观特征主要由形式特征、前提、转化条件、法律特征等构成;主观特征主要围绕犯罪故意及犯意转化而展开。     

村民自治的村庄基础与政策后果——关于村民自治制度安排区域不平衡性的讨论

村民自治制度是当前农村治理的基本制度.相对来说,理论界和实践部门对村民自治制度的关注集中于自上而下的推行,忽视了因为村庄本身的不平衡所产生的村民自治实践状况的不平衡性.本文讨论了村集体经济状况对村民自治的决定性影响,讨论了村庄规模、村庄社会关联、村庄精英等构成村民自治基础的因素,讨论了村民自治实践差异的现实原因.认为在当前的村民自治研究乃至所有关于农村制度的研究中,不能局限于制度文本和总体状况的描述,而应考察自上而下的制度安排在不平衡乡土社会实践的过程与后果,同情地理解制度实践的现实,从而提高制度研究和农村研究的学术水平.     

浅谈城市道路交通的有效管理

保障道路交通畅通,减少交通事故,确保交通安全,是道路交通管理所要研究的重要内容,若要达到更有效地管理,就必须在提高交通管理科技含量的同时,从深化交通安全宣传、注重道路交通设施建设、提高交警的整体素质入手,在交通管理中达到事半功倍的效果。     

中国传统法在法的现代化进程中的几个问题的研究

本文重在探讨中国传统法在现代社会中是否存在着向现代化转折的可能 ,传统法中的一些因子是否可以成为现代法文化发达的动力并丰富现代法文化的内容。笔者认为要论述传统法的现代化问题 ,首先应该对法的现代化标准有一个基本的认识 ,要区别法的现代化、法律现代化、法制现代化的不同含义。其次 ,要尽可能客观地阐述传统法的原貌 ,分析传统法产生的文化背景。在此基础上对传统法的影响进行理论分析。笔者的结论是 :中国传统法在现代社会中并没有像有些学者所“预设”的“规律”那样消亡 ,相反传统法在现实中积极的和消极的影响随处可见。只有了解传统、理解传统 ,才能正确地解释传统、更新传统。因此在法的现代化中 ,我们应该注意的是自觉、主动 ,而不是回避或被动地改造传统法。     

道德与法:市场经济发展的必要保障

在社会主义市场经济的发展过程中,道德与法是必不可少的保障,二者缺一不可。现实中道德与法都有所缺失,急需要加强建设。加强道德与法的建设要采取多种相应的措施。     

Haplotype diversity in mitochondrial DNA hypervariable region I, II and III in northeast China Han

Sequence polymorphism of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region, hypervariable regions HVR I, HVR II and HVR III, from 51 unrelated China Han (Yan Bian area) were determined by PCR amplification and cycle sequencing.     

Genetic analysis of 18 X-linked short tandem repeat markers in Korean population

The population genetic data of 18 X-chromosomal short tandem repeat (STR) markers DXS6807, DXS8378, DXS9895, DXS9902, DXS6810, DXS7132, DXS981, DXS6800, DXS9898, DXS6789, DXS101, DXS6797, GATA172D05, GATA165B12, HPRTB, GATA31E08, DXS8377, and DXS7423 were analyzed in samples of unrelated 220 males and 181 females from Korean population. The exact test for genotype distribution of the markers showed no significant deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Allele frequencies between male and female samples were not significantly different in all examined markers. All examined males and females showed different hemizygotic haplotype and combined genotypes, respectively. Four cases of mutation were found in GATA172D05, GATA31E08, DXS7132, and HPRTB from the analysis of 95 father-child-mother trios. Details of X chromosomal STRs in Koreans would be useful in paternity tests and forensic purposes as well as whole X-chromosomal mapping studies.     

Study on the application of parent-of-origin specific DNA methylation markers to forensic genetics

In paternity test, especially in motherless cases, the allele inherited from father (obligatory gene, OG) often cannot be determined. The paternity exclusion probability (PE) of a genetic marker is reduced considerably. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new technique, by which the parental origin of alleles can be determined without genealogical analysis. In this paper, we explored the possibility of using parent-of-origin specific DNA methylation markers to determine the parental origin of alleles, choosing the imprinted single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) locus rs220028 (A/G) as a model system. We typed the SNP by mutagenically separated PCR (MS-PCR). The frequencies of alleles were A = 0.5085, G = 0.4915; the unbiased heterozygosity was 0.5020. In order to discriminate between the maternal allele and paternal allele, post-digestion MS-PCR, a novel PCR based methylation analysis and SNP typing technique was developed and performed on 18 heterozygous children, and the methylated maternal allele was detected specifically. As a pilot study on the use of epigenetic markers in forensic genetics, our results demonstrated the feasibility of using parent-of-origin specific DNA methylation markers to determine the parental origin of alleles.