国外生物安全立法及对中国立法的思考

随着现代生物技术的迅速发展,生物安全立法越来越引起国际社会的重视。中国作为《卡塔赫纳生物安全议定书》的缔约国,不仅负有保护生物安全的国际义务,而且也有为本国生物安全利益而进行生物安全管理的现实必要性。中国目前虽然制定了一些生物安全立法,但就整体而言,这些立法无法适应生物安全管理的需要。参考和借鉴国际和国外生物安全立法,建立与国际接轨而又适合中国国情的生物安全立法体系,对于保护中国的生物安全,维护国家和全人类的利益,具有十分重要的意义。一、生物安全国际法的沿革和主要渊源(一)生物安全国际法的沿革国际生物安全…     

试析保护和发展文化产业对欧盟的重要意义

文化产业从属于文化发展的大范畴,为社会提供文化产品生产和服务.欧盟把文化产业视为一个特殊的经济部门.欧盟委员会认为,文化产品既是能够创造财富和就业机会的经济产品和服务,同时也是体现其文化认同和文化多样性的载体.在保护文化产业的同时,欧盟实施了一系列的援助和合作计划来鼓励和扶植文化产业,尤其是视听业的发展.文化产业对欧盟的重要性在于:文化产业是影响欧洲一体化发展的一个重要因素;保护和发展文化产业是欧盟应对全球化挑战的需要;文化产业已成为欧盟收入和就业的重要来源.     

中国民间组织的现状和发展对策

中国民间组织的自身机制,如民间组织的章程、决策机构、管理水平、人力资源状况、资金状况、合法性和公信度等等,成为民间组织发展的严重制约因素。     

亚太发展中地区经济的两次衰退与复苏

在短短的五年期间(1997年7月—2002年初)里,亚太发展中地区的经济经历了两次的衰退和两次的复苏。本文论述与分析这两次经济衰退与复苏的国际经济背景,并比较分析这两次经济衰退与经济复苏的不同特点。     

陈赓热心为赵唯刚解决党籍历史遗留问题

五十年代初,陈赓离开了硝烟战场,开始负责筹建中国第一所高等军事工程学校———中国人民解放军军事工程学院。院长陈赓的革命生涯,充满了许许多多惊心动魄的故事。在哈尔滨军事工程学院朗朗书声的校园里,陈赓院长与赵唯刚的一段佳话,同样具有几分传奇色彩。哈军工初建时的五个系主任,有三位是苏联回国的。其中赵唯刚因赴苏前后的一段历史有待证明,中共党籍的党龄计算问题尚未落实。赵唯刚是哈军工炮兵工程系的第一任主任,早年留学日本陆军士官学校,1927年夏在日本加入中国共产党。三十年代初赴苏联工作和学习,后来回到延安。在这期间,他因…     

Driving less for better air: Impacts of a public information campaign

In the wake of the 1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act, localities across the United States initiated public information campaigns both to raise awareness of threats to air quality and to change behavior related to air pollution by recommending specific behavioral changes in the campaign messages. These campaigns are designed to reduce the health hazards associated with poor air quality and to avoid federal sanctions resulting from the failure to meet air quality standards. As in many other communities across the country, a coalition of government agencies and businesses initiated a public information campaign in the Atlanta metropolitan region to reduce certain targeted behaviors, mainly driving. A two‐stage model used to analyze data from a rolling sample survey shows that the centerpiece of the information campaign—air quality alerts—was effective in raising awareness and reducing driving in a segment of the population. When the overall information campaign was moderated by employers' participation in programs to improve air quality, drivers significantly reduced the number of miles they drove and the number of trips they took by car on days when air quality alerts were sounded. Public information campaigns can be successful in increasing awareness, but changing well‐established behaviors, such as driving, is likely to require institutional mediation to provide social contexts that support the behavioral change, as well. © 2003 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.     

用引物Y_3,Y_4和DNA扩增技术作血液(痕)和毛根性别鉴定的研究

作者用引物Y_3、Y_4和DNA聚合酶链式反应(PCR)作微量人类血液(痕)和毛根的性别鉴定。扩增的靶序列位于Y染色体DNA特异3.4kb重复序列中,扩增产物为460bp。检材用量为:新鲜血液0.5μl、血痕纱纤维1mm、毛根单个。20例保存4个月的血痕与2例保存6年半的血痕性别判定结果均正确,无性别记载的保存9～11年的3例血痕显现了清晰的460bpY特异DNA扩增带。15例保存20天的自然脱落毛根性别判定结果均正确。本法省略了检材处理中的酚-氯仿抽提DNA等纯化步骤,既简化了实验操作,又减少了检验过程中外源DNA的污染机会和样品DNA的损耗,使这一性别鉴定方法更符合法医学实践的需要。     

Site of discovery in the bath tub. Evaluation of a fatality after four years using postmortem roentgen diagnosis]

On the one hand the following case demonstrates the problems of finding a dead body in the bathroom and on the other hand the importance of postmortem x-ray examinations. The corpse of an 65-year-old woman was discovered in her bath tub. At the body's feet there was a hair dryer. Investigations concerning murder were negative, circumstances appeared to be unsuspicious. That was why a postmortem examination was not performed. -4 years later murder had to be considered. After manual strangling the deceased and the hair dryer were layed into the bath tub. The corpse was exhumed and taken to a forensic autopsy. It was found that the hyoid bone and the superior horn of the thyroid cartilage were both fractured on the right. Damages caused by the preparation itself were excluded by using serial roentgenographs. These observations in combination with histological findings and the results of further investigations convincingly supported the suspicion of strangling by hand.     

G3M T typing by dot immunobinding with monoclonal anti-G3M T antibody

Dilutions of 100 serum samples of various GM phenotypes were dotted onto a nitrocellulose membrane. The serum dot-blots were detected with peroxidase-labeled anti-G3M T monoclonal antibody (anti-G3M T MAb). Up to a 1 : 256 dilution could be G3M T-typed correctly. By use of anti-G3M T MAb and peroxidase-labeled anti-mouse IgG or the biotin-avidin system instead of use of labeled anti-G3M T MAb, up to a 1 : 512 or 1 : 1024, respectively, dilution was typable. As with previous work with G3M G MAb, the dot immunobinding (DIB) method for G3M T typing was found very simple and practical.