犬mtDNA高变区Ⅰ多态性及法医学意义初探

目的对犬毛发mtDNA高变区Ⅰ多态性进行检测,并探讨其在法医学中的应用价值。方法 54只家犬(拉布拉多犬7只、史宾格犬7只、德国牧羊犬6只、罗威纳犬4只、藏獒4只、昆明犬4只、杜伯文犬3只、金毛寻猎犬1只、昆明本地犬18只)。采用复合巢式PCR对54只家犬mtDAN HVRⅠ15803～16114区域进行测序分析。结果 54只家犬在mtDNA HVRⅠ15458～16100区域共检测到643个碱基对信息,共检出分属3大单倍群26个多态点;15个单倍型,频率在1.9%～20.4%之间,其中单倍型A11频率最高;个体识别概率为0.898,平均核苷酸差异和平均核苷酸多样度为7.62±3.61和0.011 9±0.006 3。结论采用本文方法,可检测犬mtDNA HVR-Ⅰ多态性,并可利用其较高的个体识别概率为相关案件侦察提供线索或依据。     

合同解除异议制度研究

合同解除异议权,即“请求人民法院或者仲裁机构确认解除合同的效力”的权利,性质上属于提起确认之诉的诉权,非解约方和解约方均可依《民事诉讼法》第119条第1项享有。双方的诉权彼此构成限制,可以实现尽早稳定合同关系的目的。《合同法》第96条第3款第1句只是非解约方享有诉权的注意规定。现有研究以及《关于适用〈中华人民共和国合同法〉若干问题的解释（二）》第24条误将异议权作为实体权利,并以此为基础建构旨在限制异议权、稳定合同关系的合同解除异议制度,不仅在逻辑层面无法自圆其说,还在价值层面产生诸多负面影响。适用《解释二》第24条时,应对解除权的有无进行实质审查,并据此判定解除行为的效力,从而架空、虚置该条规定。抵销异议以及其它种类的形成权异议也应遵循这一规则。     

法学观念本土化考 从新中国60余年立宪史之视角

法的移植和法的本土化,是中国法律近现代化的基本路径和客观事实,中国近现代法律从观念到制度、原则乃至术语,几乎都是从西方(大多通过日本)移植进入中国,并逐步本土化的。虽然学界对此多有批评,但笔者以为,由于中国近现代移植的基本上是西方先进国家法律中的精华,代表了人类法律文明的最高成就。因此,中国近现代法的移植和法的本土化是成功的,具有普适性的价值。本文从新中国60余年的立宪史之视角,对近代移植的西方法学观念在新中国的本土化之艰难历程,以及这一历程所反映出来的新中国社会的巨大变迁,做了详尽细致的分析和论述。     

丽蝇科蝇类的生物学特性及其法医学应用

双翅目（Diptera）丽蝇科（Calliphoridae）蝇类是最早出现在腐败尸体、尸块上的主要蝇类。在法医昆虫学领域,根据丽蝇科的生活特性,可以较准确地推断出凶杀案或无名尸案的死亡时间（postmorteminter．val,PMI）,为案件侦破提供有利线索。本文介绍了丽蝇科蝇类的生物学、形态学特征,并对其在法医昆虫学与分子生物学、数学形态学、法医毒理学方面的联合应用进行了综述。     

Undermining Adversaries: Unipolarity,Threat Perception,and Negative Balancing Strategies after the Cold War

This paper engages the ongoing soft balancing debate by suggesting a new analytical framework for states’ countervailing strategies—a negative balancing model—to explain why states do not form alliances and conduct arms races to balance against power or threats as they previously did. Negative balancing refers to a state's strategies or diplomatic efforts aiming to undermine a rival's power. By contrast, positive balancing means to strengthen a state's own power in world politics. I argue that a state's balancing strategies are shaped by the level of threat perception regarding its rival. The higher the threat perception, the more likely it is for a state to choose positive balancing. The lower the threat perception, the more likely it is for a state to choose negative balancing. I suggest that the hegemon provides security as a public good to the international system in a unipolar world in which the relatively low-threat propensity of the system renders positive balancing strategies incompatible with state interests after the Cold War. Instead, states have employed various negative balancing strategies to undermine each other's power, especially when dealing with us primacy. China's negative balancing strategy against the United States and the us negative balancing strategy against Russia are two case studies that test the validity of the negative balancing model.     

Coast guards and maritime piracy: sailing past the impediments to cooperation in Asia

Abstract

Despite the efforts of the past decade, maritime piracy remains of international concern today. Countries need to cooperate actively at both the regional and international levels to eradicate the problem effectively. In particular, the nature of the threat in the Asia-Pacific region suggests that coastal states – countries that possess sovereignty over the pirate-infested waters but lack the law-enforcement resources – have to turn to resource-rich extra-regional powers for assistance. Unfortunately, cooperation between such disparate countries has traditionally been impeded by sovereignty sensitivities, as best exemplified by Malaysia's and Indonesia's hostile responses to the United States' Regional Maritime Security Initiative in 2003. Faced with this apparent dilemma, a new phenomenon has emerged. National coast guard agencies, instead of their military naval counterparts, have become attractive alternatives for promoting international cooperation against non-traditional security threats, such as maritime piracy. Spearheaded by the Japanese Coast Guard (JCG), coast guards from various countries have imparted training expertise, conducted joint exercises, hosted low-publicity multilateral meetings, and even transferred security equipment across international borders. Together they have succeeded in promoting cooperation without arousing the sovereignty sensitivities often associated with such cooperation. This article analyzes the evolution of coast guard cooperation in Asia, highlighting in particular the Japanese Coast Guard's success in this endeavor. With the general alignment of regional and global power interests in Southeast Asia, coast guard agencies hold promise for extra-regional powers wishing to help eradicate maritime piracy in the region.     

促进非公有制企业文化建设的实践与思考

非公有制企业文化是中国特色社会主义文化的重要组成部分,在促进非公有制经济健康发展和非公有制经济人士健康成长发挥着重要作用。新形势下积极促进非公有制企业文化建设,要用文化自信引导人,用文化项目凝聚人,用文化力量感召人;要围绕‘‘两个健康’’主体,凝聚“同心”共识,牢记“感恩”情义,实践并探索出一条既符合社会主义核心价值体系要求。又适合非公有制企业发展的企业文化建设路子。     

重庆市北碚区农业科技发展的现状及对策

近年来重庆市北碚区大力发展现代农业,采取生态农业建设、建立专家大院、发展示范项目等措施,科技对农业生产的贡献率不断提高。调研发现,北碚区农业科技发展过程中存在着科技含量不高、接受新品种新技术的意识不够、产业宣传力度不够、品牌意思薄弱等问题。该文建议通过实施品牌发展战略、加大结构调整以提高农产品档次、搞活市场流通、加大扶持服务力度、加快新技术普及等措施来发展北碚区农业科技。     

新毒情形势下对昆明市公开查缉的思考

公开查缉是禁毒工作的一种有力措施,也是禁毒斗争的一项有效手段。随着毒情形势的不断变化,昆明由于特殊的地理位置,成为了毒品犯罪分子主攻战略区域的首选,开展公开查缉刻不容缓。而同时犯罪分子反侦查意识日益增强,藏运毒方式狡诈隐蔽,昆明市的公开查缉工作面临不少难题。对公开查缉的模式,以及如何构建查缉网络,提高查缉策略、能力、方法进行探讨,以推动查缉工作的有效开展。     

中国政府机构改革30年回顾与反思

本文以30年改革开放历史为线索,对中国政府机构6次改革进行了回顾与反思,认为:中国政府机构改革的核心是适应经济和社会发展的需要来调整政府机构的结构与运行,重点调整政府与社会、政府与市场、中央与地方的关系。在回顾机构改革的目标、方向与内容的基础上,本文对改革的价值与缺失进行了探讨。