WTO法律体系协同发展研究

WTO法律体系是在少数发达国家主导下制定的,包含了大量不合理、不公正的规定。WTO法律体系要实现科学发展就必须协同发展,这主要归因于WTO法调整领域、运行机制、区域差异、与其他国际机构的密切合作。WTO法律体系协同发展应当遵循公正原则、科学原则、民主原则以及法治原则,并且要在观念、制度、行为、利益上实现协同。中国作为世界上最大的发展中国家,既是WTO法律体系不合理、不公正规定的受害者,又是WTO法律体系协同发展的推动者、参与者、捍卫者和实践者。这是中国加入WTO的世界性意义。     

中越边境区“两国共市贸易区”合作模式探析——以中国东兴市为例

经济全球化和区域经济一体化的发展为边境区合作创造了良好机遇。中国东兴市处在边境经济理论创新与跨境合作模式创新的前列,完全有必要和可能利用其独特的天时、地利、人和,与越南发展推动"北部湾经济圈"及"中国—东盟自由贸易区"的跨境共同市场与商贸服务平台。文章通过对构建中国东兴—越南芒街"两国共市贸易区"的边境区合作模式进行可行性分析,提出中国东兴—越南芒街"两国共市贸易区"合作模式运作的建议。     

International institutions and credible commitment of non-democracies

How do non-democratic countries credibly commit to policies in front of domestic and international audiences? Unlike democracies, non-democracies do not have functioning electoral systems and free presses to make their commitments costly thus credible. Yet, the need to credibly commit to a policy arises for non-democracies as well. In particular, when non-democratic leaders push for economic reforms, they need to coordinate the beliefs of domestic groups and attract international resources. How do non-democracies solve the commitment problem and succeed in achieving their policy goals? In this study, we argue that international institutions provide an important mechanism through which non-democratic countries could credibly signal their commitment to open economic policies. We test the argument with the involvement of IMF programs by post-communist countries from 1989 to 2005. We find that while IMF status is used as a credible commitment device for all countries, the effect is more significant for non-democracies.     

伪满《组织法》解析

伪满洲国成立后很快构筑了基本法体系。伪满基本法中,规定政府机关职能及其相互关系的《组织法》处于核心地位。本文重点分析了《组织法》对傀儡政权的政治设计。作者认为:日本殖民者设置"参议府"是为了防止立法权和行政权出现独立的倾向;虽然《组织法》包含着权力分立的原则,但实际上立法权、监察权均是行政权的点缀;伪满政权立法迅速,但并不周详,《组织法》的个别条款存在混乱和矛盾。     

东亚一体化与中国的东亚战略

本文在总结东亚一体化建设历程与成就的基础上,重点分析了东亚一体化面临的内外挑战。基于东亚一体化存在的问题、前景的不确定性以及正在急剧演变的东亚地缘政治格局,中国未来的东亚战略应该重新构建,其中尤其需要注意充分估计中国崛起效应,不断优化中国对外战略,进而超越东亚一体化,在大国关系的互动特别是中美关系的良性互动基础上推进区域合作,从而使新的东亚战略符合东亚国际关系的特点。     

人民检察院提起环境公益诉讼的职能定位研究

当前制约人民检察院提起环境公益诉讼最突出的问题,是我国法律尚未明确检察机关提起环境公益诉讼的职能。人民检察院提起环境公益诉讼,既缘于公民、环保组织、行政机关的局限性,也是人民检察院履行其职能的必然要求。人民检察院提起环境公益诉讼具有形式正当性和实质正当性。不断完善的立法将克服法条主义的缺陷,为人民检察院提起环境公益诉讼提供法制保障。     

为自己作证的权利及其真实义务——论英美法被告人作证权制度及其对大陆法系的影响

被告人作证权制度是英美法特有的一项制度,是在十九世纪中期边沁功利主义思想影响下确立的。在英美法国家,被告人如果要在法庭上陈述事实就要像其他证人一样,走上证人席,宣誓作证。被告人作证时不受不得强迫自证己罪原则的保护,对控辩双方的提问必须如实回答,故意虚假陈述将构成伪证罪。二战之后,部分大陆法国家或地区在改造职权主义庭审方式时,都不约而同地借鉴了被告人作证权制度,形成了相对独特的调查被告人程序。我国也不例外。但我国的调查被告人程序不符合无罪推定原则、控辩平等对抗原则和证明责任分配原则的精神,有待进一步的完善。     

Forensic psychiatry in China

This article reviews the legal basis for the development of forensic psychiatry in China, the organization of clinical assessments, and training of forensic psychiatrists. Regulations for the management of patients in Ankang hospitals and the role of forensic psychiatrists within the Criminal Justice system are described. The primary role of forensic psychiatrists is to provide expert opinions on competence to stand trial and criminal responsibility in criminal cases. They are increasingly involved in civil court proceedings and tribunals at the request of a range of official agencies. The clinical cases assessed by Chinese forensic psychiatrists are very similar to those of their counterparts in Western countries, but the organizational and legal framework for these assessments reflects a very different system that has evolved independently.     

The Status and Characteristics of Couple Violence in China

A couple’s relationship is very important to marital well-being as well as the harmony of family and society. Violent behaviors in marriage have bad effects on people’s physical and mental health and cause large social burdens. In this study, we investigated 194 couples in Beijing to explore the status and characteristics of couple violence from three aspects by using Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2). We conclude that: (1) Couple violence is universal, although the frequency is not so high. Prevalence and frequency of psychological violence are higher than physical and sexual violence; rate of wives’ victimization is significantly higher than that of husbands; frequency of the perpetration of sexual violence by husbands is significantly higher than that by wives. (2) There is concurrence of different types of couple violence. Specifically, physical and sexual violence are usually accompanied by psychological violence; however, psychological violence exists independently. (3) Couple violence is often bidirectional, especially in psychological violence. (4) Marital length is negatively correlated to wives’ perpetration of physical violence and their victimization of sexual violence.     

浅析人民陪审员制度——以其蕴涵价值为视角

现代陪审制度是基于在司法权力运行中实现人权与民主、限权与制衡理念而设立的。通过民众分享司法权,使民众和政府之间形成有效平衡,彰显民主。本文以陪审制度所蕴涵的价值理念为视角,探讨了我国人民陪审制度存废的相关问题,分析了现行人民陪审员制度的缺陷,进而提出了相应的完善措施。