关于实施经理股票期权制的思考

发达国家的成功实践证明 ,经理股票期权制对于激励企业经营者、减少代理成本、促进稳健经营等具有积极作用。在我国采用期权方式构建对企业经营者的激励机制 ,其改革方向无疑是正确的。但是 ,由于市场的不完善、国企产权的不清晰、相关法律的不健全以及技术设计的不成熟等现实困难 ,使得实施期权制还存在不少障碍 ,还有许多问题有待思考和解决     

警察素质与法治

由于警察素质与法治之间的相关关系,有必要提高警察素质以适应法治需要。与法治相关的警察素质主要是思想政治素质、文化素质和业务素质。提高警察素质以适应法治需要可以从培养和普及警察意识等方面全面展开。     

基于信息不对称的政策执行分析

政策执行问题一直困扰着政策制定者,在影响政策执行的众多因素中,信息不对称无疑是不可忽视的因素之一,它通常干扰着政策的顺利执行,对这种干扰的认识将有助于我们提前采取若干措施来抑制信息不对称产生的种种不利影响。     

一个多重、递进谈判的关系契约:高新技术企业再审视

高新技术企业的涌现和快速发展给企业契约理论带来了新的研究课题。从新制度经济学角度审视,高新技术企业作为一个特殊的关系契约,其特殊性在于契约的多重性和递进谈判。从缔约主体、劳动主体在契约中所起作用和地位、契约内容的层次等方面研究,可以揭示高新技术企业契约的多重性、递进谈判等特征。     

Analysis of sensitivity and specificity: precise recognition of neutrophils during regeneration of contused skeletal muscle in rats

In this report, we applied the TissueFAXS 200 digital pathological analysis system to rapidly and accurately identify neutrophils during regeneration of contused skeletal muscle, and to provide information for follow-up studies on neutrophils to estimate wound age. Rat injury model was established, and skeletal muscle samples were obtained from the control group and contusion groups at 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, and 6 h, as well as at 1, 3, 5, and 15 d post-injury (n = 5 per group). The expression of nuclei and neutrophils was detected by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. A total of 20 injury site areas of 0.25 mm² (0.5 mm × 0.5 mm) were then randomly selected at all time points. A TissueFAXS 200 digital pathological analysis system was used to identify the positive and negative numbers. Knowledge of five professional medical workers were considered the gold standard to measure the false positive rate (FPR), false negative rate (FNR), sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. As a result, with a staining area of neutrophils from 8 µm² to 15 µm², the FPR was 4.28%–12.14%, the FNR was 12.42%–64.08%, the sensitivity was 35.92%–87.58%, the specificity was 87.86%–95.72%, the Youden index was 0.316–0.754, the accuracy was 82.80%–88.30%, and the AUC was 0.771–0.826. The AUC was largest when the cut-off value of the staining area was 12 µm². Our results show that this software-based method is more accurate than the human eye in evaluating neutrophil infiltration. Based on the sensitivity and specificity, neutrophils can be accurately identified during regeneration of contused skeletal muscle. The TissueFAXS 200 digital pathological analysis system can also be used to optimize conditions for different cell types under various injury conditions to determine the optimal cut-off value of the staining area and provide optimal conditions for further study. Furthermore, it will provide evidence for forensic pathology cases.     

当前世界经济走势及其对中国的影响

今年上半年,在美国次贷危机继续发酵和油价暴涨等诸多因素的综合影响下,世界主要经济体和全球经济趋缓,通货膨胀加剧。由于困难因素远未缓解,美国经济低速增长还将持续一段时间,发展中国家经济将继续受到一定的拖累。在当前不确定的国际经济金融环境下,中国发展的挑战与机遇并存,只要积极、及时、灵活应对,就能趋利避害,使经济继续保持强劲发展势头。     

对美、加社区学院的考察与思考

通过考察,美国、加拿大社区学院灵活的办学理念、严谨的治学精神、以生为本的办学态度给人们留下了深刻的印象,也对我国的高职院校办学带来诸多启示.     

高校毕业生就业中的知情权保护研究

《劳动合同法》首次明确了在合同订立阶段劳动者的知情权和用人单位的如实告知义务。但从现实情况来看,高校毕业生的知情权仍然受到用人单位的侵犯。因此,保护他们的知情权,对于改变劳动力双方信息不对称的局面,促进劳动就业权的实现和构建和谐稳定的劳动关系具有积极的意义。高校毕业生应通过《劳动合同法》等劳动法律的学习,增强自我维权意识,通过社会和法律救济手段切实保护他们在就业中的知情权。     

Responsibility Determination: Free Will and Legal Responsibility in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

Free will is the foundation of determination of responsibility. Genetic enginnering represented by technologies of gene editing, artificial medical devices and AI have fundamentally challenged the concept of free will and so have significantly influenced determination of legal responsibility. These challenges are fundamental, not instrumental, and can be divided into two aspects in legal philosophy. First, the direct challenge, that is, the emerging technology represented by genetic engineering and artificial narrow intelligence (ANI) has challenged the concept of free will. Second the would-be ultimate challenge, that is, presented by an artificial general intelligence (AGI) agent that is considered to reach humanlevel free will, can be a legal subject, thus taking full legal responsibility. The direct challenge constitutes a new “forgiveness” condition for taking responsibility. The would-be ultimate challenge deserves significant attention, because the concept of free will is not only about human responsibility, but also about human dignity.     

阿根廷贸易保障机制与中阿两国贸易互利双赢问题研究

随着我国对外贸易的快速发展,我国与其他国家的贸易问题也呈现两个显著特征,其一是表现形式由关税壁垒向非关税壁垒转变;其二是发生贸易问题的对象国已逐步由美欧发达国家向印度、阿根廷、巴西、墨西哥等发展中大国转变,其中阿根廷对我国出口商品实施的反倾销,对我国在拉美地区的形象和中拉经贸关系的发展造成的负面影响值得密切关注。阿根廷对外反倾销的频率与国内的经济形势、贸易自由化进程和贸易保障机制的改革密切相关,反倾销调查对象主要集中于中国、巴西、韩国、南非等发展中国家。其中中国是受损害最严重的国家,无论是单位出口的调查频率、产品的行业公布,还是反倾销税的征收幅度以及对受调查企业冲击程度,与中阿双边贸易额仅为50亿美元的水平极不相称,在全球范围内也是罕见的。