排除规则的困难

今晚演讲的题目——排除规则的困难,是在我去年12月讲座《美国证据排除规则》1基础上的继续深入.在那次演讲中,我关注的是米兰达诉亚利桑那州案(1966年)和马普诉俄亥俄州案(1961年)这两个案件,它们涉及旨在保护美国宪法中权利法案有关免于自证其罪与不合理搜查扣押之权利的排除规则.美国最高法院还有其他授权在个人权利受到侵犯时予以排除的案例.这使许多人包括资深法学家认为,在美国存在着授权排除非法获取证据的排除规则.正如我在那场演讲中指出的,这个观点是错误的.在美国有许多复杂的证据规则.某些规则授权排除非法获取的证据,而另一些则没有.某些授权排除是因为其他理由,与证据获取方式的合法性没关系,而且,非法获取的证据常常是可采的.     

A Cultural Nod to‘Sparing the Rod'

<正>Everyone is probably familiar with stock cultural figures of the Tiger Mom,or the obnoxiously loud,pushy sports-obsessed dad.If you are a Westerner and have participated in Little League Baseball as player,fan,or coach,you will know the scene only too well:a parent publicly berating his or her youngster for a lackluster performance.Sympathetic onlookers know better than to intervene,preferring     

西伯利亚发展的社会风险

通过从社会视角剖析地区发展问题,厘清西伯利亚发展的社会风险:居民贫困,人口社会结构落后.在收入高度集中的背景下,贫困人口占比高,中产阶层占比低,富裕人口占比极低.人口经济分层的地区差异明显.西伯利亚联邦区大多数联邦主体居民实际收入减少,生活水平下降.研究得出的结论是,最近18年俄罗斯经济的技术结构没有实质性进步,而经济...     

The impact of suicide on the family

Little research has examined the consequences of a suicide for social or family networks. Because suicide occurs within families, the focus on the aftermath of suicide within families is an important next step to determine exactly how to help survivors. In this article, we review and summarize the research on the impact of suicide on individuals within families and on family and social networks. We begin with a discussion of family changes following suicide. Next, we discuss the effects of suicide on social networks overall and responses of children and the elderly to a suicide in the family. Finally, we identify key issues that remain to be resolved in family survivor research and make recommendations for future studies.