A preliminary investigation into the comparison of dissolution/digestion techniques for the chemical characterization of polyurethane foam

Due to their widespread use in domestic and commercial premises, polyurethane foams, as either fragmented or bulk foam, are types of evidence commonly found at crime scenes. The traditional approach to determining the evidential value of polyurethane foam (PF) involves comparing recovered and control fragments under low and high magnification, under various lighting conditions, as well as the comparison of their respective dye spectra. As with most forms of trace evidence, chemical comparison is also desirable. In this work, two approaches to chemically comparing foam fragments were investigated, i.e. inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP–OES) analysis of the Tin (Sn) content in different foam types; and gas chromatography–flame ionization detection (GC–FID) analysis of soluble components in PFs mobilized by dichloromethane. Seven different foam types were studied and their Sn content was found to be different. They also produced characteristic GC–FID chromatographic profiles whose compounds were identified with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. This study suggests that incorporating chemical data obtained from GC–FID/GC–MS and ICP–OES into a case involving PF could be advantageous, as this will enable the forensic scientist to broaden the comparison between control and recovered fragments, and further assess the strength of the evidence. However, ICP–OES analysis is a destructive technique with a relatively short sample turnaround time, whilst GC–FID analysis is more time-consuming and non-destructive, requiring corroboration with GC–MS data. The values of these two analytical techniques in the forensic chemical characterization of PFs are discussed.     

未成年人检察公益诉讼制度的实践困境与优化路径

作为以法治方式维护社会公共利益的重要制度，未成年人检察公益诉讼制度在未成年人权益保护方面日益受到重视，体现出了较为明显的制度优势。同时，未成年人检察公益诉讼在实践中面临着授权范围不明、受案范围有限，公共利益受侵害的判断标准不明，案件线索少、调查取证困难，涉未成年人行政检察公益诉讼起诉对象确定难等问题，影响了该制度的实践效果和未来发展。未成年人检察公益诉讼的优化路径是，拓宽未成年人检察公益诉讼的案件范围，明确公共利益受侵害的判断标准和起诉对象，拓宽未成年人检察公益诉讼的线索来源和调查手段，加强内外机关部门的协调配合。     

独生子女政策与脱贫致富

独生子女政策与脱贫致富两者间的关系是必须引起重视的一个问题。独生子女政策不仅导致了数以亿计的独生子女家庭出现,从而引发社会与家庭劳动力短缺与劳动力培养成本飙升,生存风险加大与亲属关系支持网络缩小等,还因大量违法生育而出现因超生受处罚致贫与因超生受处罚返贫现象,使部分妇女儿童健康受损。独生子女政策推行对脱贫致富不利,调整现行生育政策,普遍允许一对夫妇至少可以生育两个孩子是风险规避与风险应对的必然选择。     

国际海底区域法律制度基本框架及其发展

国际海底区域制度的实质和核心是区域内矿产资源的开发和管理制度。在此领域,已经形成了公约第11部分、两个附件及1994年协定等基础性文件和管理局执行性立法等所构成的法律制度框架,管理局立法采取单项资源立法和区分活动阶段立法结合的模式,在探矿、勘探、担保、环境保护等方面形成了较完整细致的规定。     

On the Role of China＇s Letters and Visits System in Human Rights Protection

<正>The letters and visits system is a kind of system for hu-man rights protection with Chinese characteristics.The system has made tremendous achievements in promoting and safeguarding human rights and ac-cumulated rich experience in the protection of human rights.in the future,it will continuously play a unique role in China’s human rights protection.I.China’s Letters and Visits System Is a System for Human Rights Protection Since the United nations General assembly passed the Universal     

西部基层农业科技人员离职倾向的实证分析——以陕西省为例

西部基层农业科技队伍存在潜在的不稳定性。在对农业科技人员的调查中,运用累积Logistic模型分析了个体特征、与工作相关的因素以及外部经济环境对基层农业科技人员离职倾向的影响。研究发现工作年限与离职倾向存在负相关,而学历和当地农业发展状况与离职倾向存在正相关。从政府干预的角度讲,与工作相关的变量是可以直接控制的因素。     

再谈公安机关设立“警务科技总工程师”问题

科技介入警务活动越来越广泛、深入,警务科技的自主性及警务科技的专业化统筹越来越重要和紧迫。在部、省、市三级公安机关普遍设立"警务科技总工程师",以此建立警务科技专业统筹机制,并明确"科技警"作为一个新的重要警种的独特地位,是现代警务建设一个重要的创新。     

Daqing——Transforming Dependence on Oil

DAQING City in Heilongjiang,a province of Northeast China,sits on Daqing Oilfield-the largest in China. To this oil resource the city owes its founding,its prosperity and its name.     

刑事视频案例在构建主义教学中的运用

在当今信息技术迅速发展的时代背景下,刑事视频案例的广泛应用,使建构主义教学理念在<刑法学>教学领域得以实践.正视刑事视频案例建构性教学中"案例独大"、"形式浮夸"、"拿来主义"等现实误区,强化"学生中心主义"教学模式组织设计,这些教学尝试和改革对改变当前刑事实务训练不足的现状、促进公安院校刑事执法通识教育和职业技能培养...     

Why Water Diversion Project Is Still Making Ripples

MANY water projects of a massive scale have achieved fame around the world; few people have not heard of the Aswan Dam in Egypt, the Hoover Dam in the U.S. and the Itaipu Dam where Brazil,