Death From Butane Inhalation Abuse in Teenagers: Two New Case Studies and Review of the Literature

The ready availability of butane makes butane abuse frequent. Fatalities are rare. This study presents two cases of death by butane overdose. The postmortem analyses were carried out using headspace gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. It revealed femoral blood butane concentrations of 18 and 22 mg/L, respectively, as well as specific combinations of adjuvants in each victim. In one of the victims, brain and fatty tissue also contained butane, pointing to chronic consumption. The originality of this study is to show that the identification of specific combinations of adjuvants can be helpful for identifying the brand of deodorant used. Also, sampling the skin and mucosa can help identify the method of drug delivery. The histological examination documented both the direct toxic effect of the gas on the respiratory mucosa and signs of chronic abuse. Volatile substance intoxications should be systematically considered in case of sudden death in a teenager.     

Productivity slowdown and misallocation in the post-recession: What prevents recovery?

This study explores the effects of the 2008 global economic crisis on the labor allocation and productivity in Luxembourg. The analysis is based on firm-level data from manufacturing and non-financial service sectors and finds a dramatic productivity slowdown after 2008. The study reveals that the cleansing effect of recession did not function effectively which would otherwise improve the efficiency in the labor allocation and counterbalance the productivity slowdown. The firm entry and job creation rates are lower in the post-crisis period, but the job destruction is not significantly altered by the crisis. The findings call attention for the strict employment protection legislation that possibly plays a role in preventing reallocation towards more efficient establishments. Relaxing the employment protection legislation simultaneously with facilitating the entry and growth of young firms is expected to promote creative destruction, improve allocative efficiency and speed up the post-crisis recovery.     

Left-right party ideology and government policies: A meta-analysis

Abstract. This paper summarizes how the partisan influence literature assesses the relationship between the left–right party composition of government and policy outputs through a meta–analysis of 693 parameter estimates of the party–policy relationship published in 43 empirical studies. Based on a simplified 'combined tests' meta–analytic technique, we show that the average correlation between the party composition of government and policy outputs is not significantly different from zero. A mutivariate logistic regression analysis examines how support for partisan theory is affected by a subset of mediating factors that can be applied to all the estimates under review. The analysis demonstrates that there are clearly identifiable conditions under which the probability of support for partisan theory can be substantially increased. We conclude that further research is needed on institutional and socio–economic determinants of public policy.     

Left–right party ideology and government policies: A meta–analysis

This paper summarizes how the partisan influence literature assesses the relationship between the left–right party composition of government and policy outputs through a meta–analysis of 693 parameter estimates of the party–policy relationship published in 43 empirical studies. Based on a simplified 'combined tests' meta–analytic technique, we show that the average correlation between the party composition of government and policy outputs is not significantly different from zero. A mutivariate logistic regression analysis examines how support for partisan theory is affected by a subset of mediating factors that can be applied to all the estimates under review. The analysis demonstrates that there are clearly identifiable conditions under which the probability of support for partisan theory can be substantially increased. We conclude that further research is needed on institutional and socio–economic determinants of public policy.     

Operationalizing cultural citizenship: towards a concept of culture regime*

This paper contributes to the study of cultural citizenship by laying the foundations for a concept of culture regime. Depicting culture as a malleable concept that encompasses both particularistic and universalistic elements, the paper emphasizes the potential of the concept of culture regime to bridge those of citizenship, language and ethnicity regime. While presenting narrow conceptions of culture as ethnic identity as a defensible compromise in the context of comparative empirical research, the paper discusses how the study of culture regimes could integrate broader approaches to culture by incorporating other forms of cultural claims and identities that go beyond ethnic traits. In doing so, the paper aims to promote an inter-disciplinary dialogue on cultural citizenship, arguing that some of the differences in cross-disciplinary approaches to culture owe to methodological rather than ontological considerations.     

Disappointments of post-colonialism

Jean-Fran?ois Revel is a French writer and philosopher. He is the author of Without Marx or Jesus, The Totalitarian Temptation,and How Democracies Perish.     

Les politiques de régulation et le modèle d'Edelman: une analyse en fonction de la santé dans l'industrie de l'amiante

Sommaire. Le centre d'intérêt de cet article réside dans les politiques de regulation. Il s'agit de mettre à contribution un modèle théorique des politiques de régulation peu utilisé, soit celui de Murray Edelman, en l'expérimentant sur une politique elle aussi négligée des chercheurs, soit l'intervention de l'Etat en matière de santé au travail. Pour des raisons essentiellement d'ordre pratique, nous concentrons notre analyse sur la régulation de l'empoussiérage dans l'industrie primaire de l'amiante au Québec. Quant au modèle d'Edelman, qui postule que les politiques de régulation sont symboliques, il est disséqué et résumé sous forme de trois propositions principales. La première explique pourquoi l'Etat entreprend d'élaborer une politique de régulation; la deuxième montre comment s'exerce cette politique de régulation; et, la troisième s'applique à dégager les conséquences réelles de cette politique de régulation sur ceux en fonction de qui elle existe. Notre examen empirique de chacune de ces propositions nous amène à conclude que seule la deuxième est vérifiée quant au fond, de façon relativement satisfaisante (cette proposition affirme que l'organisme régulateur sera dominé par ceux qu'il veut contrôler). Ainsi notre étude de cas vient supporter un courant de pensée très influent parmi les analystes des politiques de régulation. En dernier ressort, nous tentons de mettre en relief ce qui nous est apparu comme étant l'idée la plus originale du modèle des politiques de régulation d'Edelman. Abstract. This article is primarily concerned with regulatory policies. Murray Edelman's little-used theoretical model for regulatory policies is experimentally applied to the policy of state intervention in the field of industrial health, one which has also been neglected by researchers. For practical purposes, we have concentrated our analysis on dust-control regulations in Quebec's primary asbestos industry. Edelman's model, which postulates that regulatory policies are symbolic, has been broken down and summarized within three main propositions. The first explains why a government attempts to draft a regulatory policy; the second shows how such a policy is applied; the third is concerned with the actual consequences of this policy for those affected by it. Our empirical examination of each of these propositions leads us to conclude that only the second can be substantially verified in a satisfactory manner (this proposition avers that the regulatory agency will be dominated by those it wishes to control). To this extent our case study provides support for a theory which is highly influential among regulatory policy analysts. Finally, we have attempted to highlight the most original idea in Edelman's model of regulatory policies.