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151.
Ivarsson BJ Manaswi A Genovese D Crandall JR Hurwitz SR Burke C Fakhry S 《Forensic science international》2008,175(2-3):186-192
The location, type, and local mechanism of tibial shaft fracture were determined for 66 drivers injured in frontal automobile crashes. The results from the analyses showed that the distal third is the most common fracture location (p<0.05) and that bending is responsible for the majority of these fractures regardless of the fracture site. These findings indicate that the current injury criterion for predicting the occurrence of tibial shaft fracture in crash tests with anthropometric test devices is appropriate in terms of accounting for the primary mechanism of fracture but that increased protective effectiveness could be achieved by redefining the criterion for the distal third shaft section instead of the currently specified mid-shaft section of the tibia. 相似文献
152.
Understanding human aggression: New insights from neuroscience 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The present paper reviews and summarizes the basic findings concerning the nature of the neurobiological and behavioral characteristics of aggression and rage. For heuristic purposes, the types of aggression will be reduced to two categories — defensive rage (affective defense) and predatory attack. This approach helps explain both the behavioral properties of aggression as well as the underlying neural substrates and mechanisms of aggression both in animals and humans. Defensive rage behavior is activated by a threatening stimulus that is real or perceived and is associated with marked sympathetic output. This yields impulsivity with minimal cortical involvement. Predatory attack behavior in both animals and humans is generally planned, taking minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, or even years (with respect to humans) for it to occur and is directed upon a specific individual target; it reflects few outward sympathetic signs and is believed to require cortical involvement for its expression. Predatory attack requires activation of the lateral hypothalamus, while defensive rage requires activation of the medial hypothalamus and midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG). Both forms of aggressive behavior are controlled by components of the limbic system, a region of the forebrain that is influenced by sensory inputs from the cerebral cortex and monoaminergic inputs from the brainstem reticular formation. Control of aggressive tendencies is partly modifiable through conditioning and related learning principles generated through the cerebral cortex. 相似文献
153.
Jeff Gruenewald 《Journal of criminal justice》2009,37(3):262
This study examined the criteria news media use to evaluate the newsworthiness of homicide incidents occurring between the years of 1997 to 2005. By examining how particular race, gender, and race/gender intersections of offender-victim combinations affect news coverage decision-making, this study attempted to identify the most important criteria of newsworthiness. This article contributes to the growing body of newsworthiness of crime research by examining how cultural typification of victims and offenders affects news media coverage of homicides in Newark, New Jersey, a unique research location in which Blacks make up the majority of the population and Hispanics are the dominant population minority. The results provide partial support for Lundman's (2003) conclusion that cultural typification based on race and gender is an important criterion of newsworthiness. 相似文献
154.
Susan Wright Clutter M.F.S. Robert Bailey Jeff C. Everly B.S. Karl Mercer B.S. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2009,54(6):1332-1335
Abstract: Throughout the United States, clearance rates for arson cases remain low due to fire’s destructive nature, subsequent suppression, and a misconception by investigators that no forensic evidence remains. Recent research shows that fire scenes can yield fingerprints if soot layers are removed prior to using available fingerprinting processes. An experiment applying liquid latex to sooted surfaces was conducted to assess its potential to remove soot and yield fingerprints after the dried latex was peeled. Latent fingerprints were applied to glass and drywall surfaces, sooted in a controlled burn, and cooled. Liquid latex was sprayed on, dried, and peeled. Results yielded usable prints within the soot prior to removal techniques, but no further fingerprint enhancement was noted with Ninhydrin. Field studies using liquid latex will be continued by the (US) Virginia Fire Marshal Academy but it appears that liquid latex application is a suitable soot removal method for forensic applications. 相似文献
155.
Jeff Kingston 《East Asia》2007,24(3):295-318
Yasukuni Shrine resonates with talismanic symbolism for both its critics and proponents and that is precisely why it is so
controversial within Japan and between Japan and its neighbors. Controversy over Yasukuni is rooted in the broader historical
debate about war memory, responsibility, and reconciliation. Competing narratives about this past send mixed signals to neighbors
and prevent reconciliation. Despite Prime Minister Koizumi’s six visits, Yasukuni is an awkward talisman and many Japanese,
including conservatives, oppose these visits. The Shrine’s image has been cast and no amount of artful repackaging will obscure
its indelible links with Japan’s discredited Imperial ideology and the costs it exacted. The Yasukuni dilemma involves shifting
the focal point of official war remembrance away from the Shrine to a secular war memorial where people and officials can
pay respect to the war dead free from political agendas and historical baggage.
Jeff Kingston is Professor of History and Director of Asian Studies at Temple University’s, Japan Campus. He has a BS in Foreign Service from Georgetown University and a MA in International Affairs and PhD in History from Columbia University. His main research interests are modern Japanese history, Pan Asianism and reconciliation. He is also currently researching and writing about East Timor. In addition to journal articles, book reviews and chapters in edited books he is the author of Japan in Transformation: 1952–2000 (Longmans 2001), Japan’s Quiet Transformation (Routledge 2004) and Kokka Saisei (Hayakawa 2006). 相似文献
Jeff KingstonEmail: |
Jeff Kingston is Professor of History and Director of Asian Studies at Temple University’s, Japan Campus. He has a BS in Foreign Service from Georgetown University and a MA in International Affairs and PhD in History from Columbia University. His main research interests are modern Japanese history, Pan Asianism and reconciliation. He is also currently researching and writing about East Timor. In addition to journal articles, book reviews and chapters in edited books he is the author of Japan in Transformation: 1952–2000 (Longmans 2001), Japan’s Quiet Transformation (Routledge 2004) and Kokka Saisei (Hayakawa 2006). 相似文献
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Jeff Kukucka Ph.D. Alexa Hiley M.A. Saul M. Kassin Ph.D 《Journal of forensic sciences》2020,65(6):1978-1990
Knowledge of task-irrelevant information influences judgments of forensic science evidence and thereby undermines their probative value (i.e., forensic confirmation bias). The current studies tested whether laypeople discount the opinion of a forensic examiner who had a priori knowledge of biasing information (i.e., a defendant's confession) that could have influenced his opinion. In three experiments, laypeople (N = 765) read and evaluated a trial summary which, for some, included testimony from a forensic examiner who was either unaware or aware of the defendant's confession, and either denied or admitted that it could have impacted his opinion. When the examiner admitted that the confession could have influenced his opinion, laypeople generally discounted his testimony, as evidenced by their verdicts and other ratings. However, when the examiner denied being vulnerable to bias, laypeople tended to believe him—and they weighted his testimony as strongly as that of the confession-unaware examiner. In short, laypeople generally failed to recognize the superiority of forensic science judgments made by context-blind examiners, and they instead trusted examiners who claimed to be impervious to bias. As such, our findings highlight the value of implementing context management procedures in forensic laboratories so as not to mislead fact-finders. 相似文献