拐卖儿童犯罪案件的特点及打击对策

拐卖儿童是一种严重侵犯人权、危害社会稳定的恶性犯罪活动,一直是公安机关的打击重点。本文探讨了我国拐卖儿童犯罪案件的特点及侦查案件存在的难点,并对打击此类犯罪提出了一些对策。     

中西方不同文化下的面子理论研究

随着经济一体化的形成,中国与西方的经济往来越来越频繁。由于文化背景不同,言语交际中存在着多种多样的困难与障碍。其中,"面子"理论的不同就是一个主要问题。探讨了在中西方不同文化下"面子"理论的不同以及分析了造成理论不同的原因,从而避免跨文化交际失败。     

广东促进城乡统筹发展的政府治理变革制度创新的启示——基于制度生态视角的个案分析

本文基于制度生态视角分析发现:在我国城乡统筹问题上,市场无力而农村社会发育不足,政府治理变革成为主要动力。广东的经验揭示出:市县治理是最佳的统筹空间,政府变革可以显著推进城乡统筹,地方政府治理变革要紧抓职能重组与机构再造,正视制度创新困境,关键要明确政府与市场、社会的分工,以组织系统学习能力的提升来激发内部动力。制度生态对制度创新具有约束与激励作用,而制度创新对制度生态具有适应与改造作用,广东虽面临一些亟需破解的问题,但良性的制度变迁路径已经确立。     

法医DNA标准物质备选细胞STR等位基因片段长度的定值

目的 研究建立法医DNA标准物质备选细胞基因组STR基因座等位基因片段长度标准定值的方法.方法 利用有机法提取HPF和HSSM细胞基因组DNA并进行STR复合扩增,将产物进行电泳检测.利用Gene Mapper软件分析电泳结果,记录STR基因座等位基因的数值,并对目前我国公安系统应用较为广泛的DNATyperTM15、IdentifilerTM两种试剂盒扩增产物进行相应的DNA片段长度(bp)统计以及定值.结果 HPF为男性个体细胞,HSSM为女性个体细胞.HPF和HSSM细胞DNATyperTM15系统等位基因片段长度范围分别为126.26±0.05～367.53±0.20bp和125.33±0.07～370.08±0.17bp,IdentifilerTM系统等位基因片段长度范围分别为117.22±0.04～340.02±0.08bp和117.21±0.03～323.86±0.09bp.结论 对STR基因座等位基因片段长度进行标准定值,可为法医DNA标准物质提供有效的溯源途径.     

损益相抵在保护性约束损害赔偿中应用之我见

损益相抵规则虽在我国立法尚无明文规定,但在司法实践中已经普遍适用,损益相抵规则在适用过程中的难点是其适用范围和标准判断。保护性约束致损赔偿作为医疗损害赔偿的一种,法律性质上是违约责任和侵权责任的竟合,且保护性约束有效制止了患者在冲动时意外事件的发生,避免了患者及家属对因意外事件发生应承担的相关责任,获得了间接的额外利益,属于损益相抵规则的适用范围。     

A 21‐Locus Autosomal SNP Multiplex and its Application in Forensic Science

To develop a cost‐effective technique for single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping and improve the efficiency to analyze degraded DNA, we have established a novel multiplex system including 21‐locus autosomal SNPs and amelogenin locus, which was based on allele‐specific amplification (ASA) and universal reporter primers (URP). The target amplicons for each of the 21 SNPs arranged from 63 base pair (bp) to 192 bp. The system was tested in 539 samples from three ethnic groups (Han, Mongolian, and Zhuang population) in China, and the total power of discrimination (TPD) and cumulative probability of exclusion (CPE) were more than 0.99999999 and 0.98, respectively. The system was further validated with forensic samples and full profiles could be achieved from degraded DNA and 63 case‐type samples. In summary, the multiplex system offers an effective technique for individual identification of forensic samples and is much more efficient in the analysis of degraded DNA compared with standard STR typing.     

高校美育与大学生全面发展

美育是全面发展教育的重要内容,它以大学生的全面发展为目的,具有促进大学生道德认知、涵养大学生道德情感、提高大学生思维能力、发展大学生和谐个性、规范大学生道德行为等功效,在培养大学生成为和谐发展的高素质人才方面起到重要的促进作用。     

国家公园法是否应当确认游憩功能

研究者对于正在制定的我国《国家公园法》是否应当确认游憩功能,尚有争议,这将直接影响该部法律的相关制度安排。否认立法应确认游憩功能的观点,具有保护环境的合理性,但未关注国家公园的全民共享性,未以发展的眼光看待保护理念与国际潮流的顺应,欠缺科学性。通过立法确认国家公园的游憩功能具备自然基础、现实基础和社会价值。国家公园游憩功能的法律确认与制度安排,以游憩功能的法律属性界定为核心,游憩不是自然权利及法定权利,也不是主观权利,只能是客观秩序,公众无法向国家提出诉求,游憩利益只有依托国家履行义务才能实现。我国《国家公园法》的相关制度安排,应以管理主体的职责配置为重心,充分保障游憩这一客观秩序的实现。     

Discrimination of phenethylamine regioisomers and structural analogues by Raman spectroscopy

In this study, the Raman spectra of 21 phenethylamines were obtained using far‐red excitation (785 nm). The distinguishing ability of Raman for phenethylamines, especially for phenethylamine regioisomers and structural analogues, was investigated. Here, the evaluation of a cross section of Raman spectra demonstrated that all types of phenethylamines were distinguishable, even for certain structural analogues with high spectrum similarity. Raman exhibited high distinguishing ability for phenethylamine regioisomers that differ in the substitution position of halogen, methoxy, alkyl, or other substituted groups; as well as for structural analogues containing different groups, such as furanyl, 2,3‐dihydrofuranyl, halogen, and alkyl substituted at the same position. The Raman spectra for homologues with differences in only a methyl group were found to be highly similar; however, their spectra demonstrated small but detectable differences. Four analogue mixtures and 59 seized samples were also analyzed to study the practical use of the Raman method in forensic field. 95% of the seized samples were correctly identified, which significantly validated the ability of Raman method in identifying the correct isomers. Accordingly, this study provides a non‐destructive, high‐throughput and minimal sample preparation technique for the discrimination of phenethylamines.     

农家书屋运作中的职能偏离及其矫正——Y市农家书屋建设的实践与思考

农家书屋作为国家公共服务深入农村基层的站点,在提供农村公共文化服务方面具有独特优势。采用问卷法和访谈法对Y市农家书屋的建设情况进行细致地考察后发现:在实际运作中,农家书屋往往偏离公共文化服务政策设计的轨道,存在职能偏离问题。行政逻辑与服务逻辑之间的张力是出现职能偏离的主要原因。为解决这一问题,需要将农家书屋的建设嵌入到县域公共文化服务的公共图书馆网络、文化休闲网络和村庄社会关系网络之中,以实现转型发展,满足农民群众日益增长的文化生活需求。