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231.
The distribution of state aid for public education in New Yorkis the result of a combination of political and educationalconcerns. They influence the amount of school aid distributed,the pattern of aid distribution among school districts, thetypes of programs funded, and the accountability required forthese funds. This article focuses on the forces that influencethe split between general state aid and targeted state aid.General aid refers to aid that districts may use for any purposeconsistent with local priorities or needs. Targeted aid is moneyprovided by the state to a district for a particular purpose.When a district accepts targeted aid, it must agree to spendthe funds in accord with specific statutes or regulations. Considerationsof equity, mechanics of state aid distribution, and the historyof the development of school aid legislation are also discussedin this article. 相似文献
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Joan E. Sieber 《Law and human behavior》1988,12(2):199-206
Many kinds of events are subsumed under the rubric of data sharing. Given the range of meanings or contexts of data sharing, several conclusions follow: (1) Some kinds of data sharing are more problematic than others. (2) Objections to data sharing typically are bolstered by examples from the more difficult end of the spectrum. (3) Constrained sharing, including possible contractual and licensing agreements rather than merely handing over the data, is a likely norm to emerge at the more difficult end of the spectrum. (4) Given various tools for constrained sharing, even the most difficult cases may yield to constrained sharing solutions that benefit all parties involved. (5) If research is conducted with eventual sharing in mind, and if the scientist is acquainted with the tools of constrained sharing, then the kinds of dilemmas that currently pose as arguments against sharing will occur rarely. 相似文献
234.
William C. Thompson Claudia L. Cowan Phoebe C. Ellsworth Joan C. Harrington 《Law and human behavior》1984,8(1-2):95-113
Attitudes toward the death penalty are consistently predictive of jurors' verdicts in criminal trials. Two studies were conducted to find out why. In Study 1, eligible jurors viewed a videotape showing conflicting testimony by a prosecution and defense witness in an assault case. Death-qualified subjects (those permitted to serve on capital juries) interpreted testimony in a manner more favorable to the prosecution than excludable subjects (those excluded from serving on juries in capital cases due to their opposition to the death penalty), suggesting that differing interpretations of evidence may mediate the relationship between attitudes toward the death penalty and verdicts. In Study 2, the same jurors indicated their reactions to a number of hypothetical situations in which a jury had convicted an innocent defendant or acquitted a guilty one. Death qualified subjects expressed less regret concerning erroneous convictions and more regret concerning erroneous acquittals than excludable subjects. Theoretical interpretations of this pattern of results suggest that death qualified subjects may have a lower threshold of conviction than excludable subjects; thus the relationship between attitudes toward the death penalty and verdicts may also be mediated by differing thresholds of conviction.During the course of this research, William C. Thompson was supported, in part, by a National Science Foundation graduate fellowship. 相似文献
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Joan Petersilia 《Journal of Experimental Criminology》2008,4(4):335-356
Criminologists bemoan their lack of influence on U.S. crime policy, believing that the justice system would be improved if
their research findings were more central in decision making. I had an opportunity to test that notion as I participated in
California’s historic attempt to reform its prisons over the past 4 years. I became an embedded criminologist, where I was able to observe and contribute to the inner workings of state government. This article reports on my accomplishments
with respect to fostering research activities and shifting the department’s focus towards prisoner reintegration. It discusses
some of the lessons I learned, including the personal toll that such work entails, the importance of the timing of policy
initiatives, and the power of rigorous methodology and clear communication. I conclude by recommending that other policy-oriented
criminologists seek out similar experiences, as I believe our academic skills are uniquely suited and ultimately necessary
to create a justice system that does less harm.
相似文献
Joan PetersiliaEmail: |
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Joan F. Chevalier 《Nationalities Papers》2017,45(4):613-631
In the 1990s, efforts were launched in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in the Russian Federation to support the revival of Sakha (Yakut) language education. This interdisciplinary study examines the evolution of school-based Sakha language education in the city of Yakutsk over a 25-year period beginning with the launching of the first reforms in the 1990s. Language education reform in the capital city has been shaped by a dynamic interplay between federal, regional, and local factors. Grassroots social and cultural activism continues to play a key role in school-based language revitalization in Yakutsk, influencing how policies have been received and implemented at the local level. Local community stakeholders are working together to counteract federal education policies, which direct school resources away from minority language education. This case study shows that the Sakha (Yakut) language revival has taken root in the capital city, and it provides important evidence that civic activism continues to develop in urban areas of the republic. 相似文献
239.
Extending prior research regarding victim injury during sexual assault, the current study employed mixed-methods sequential explanatory research design to identify predictors of victim injury and victim death in 361 attempted and completed sexual assaults committed by 72 repeat sex offenders who assaulted strangers. Results from multinomial path analysis indicated that being female and offender coercion increased the likelihood of victim resistance, which in turn elevated the likelihood of victim injury. Divergent from the predictors of victim injury, the risk of victim death increased with victim age, offender alcohol use, and offender weapon possession. Exploratory analyses suggest that certain weapons resulted in higher probability of victim injury or victim death within the context of victim resistance. Exploratory analysis of qualitative data indicated that crime event order was not uniform—in some cases victim resistance preceded victim injury and in some assaults victim injury occurred prior to or was unrelated to victim resistance. The study findings highlight the need for further investigation of victim survival strategies when offenders possess different types of weapons. 相似文献
240.
Joan Hodges-Wu 《Journal of immigrant & refugee studies》2017,15(1):71-89
Survivors of torture experience numerous psychosocial stressors that threaten individual well-being in resettlement. This study reports findings from a pilot test that applied the newly developed Survivors of Torture Psychosocial Well-Being Index. The study used a case-level mixed design to assess survivor psychosocial well-being across 16 life domains from intake up to 18 months. Ecological systems theory grounds this study. Participants demonstrated increased well-being as evidenced by statistically significant change on the mean ratings of their total scores. Three case examples illustrate the instrument. Practice applications, lessons learned, study limitations, and future directions are presented. 相似文献