The French Churches and the Jewish Question: July 1940 — March 1941

This article examines why, following the military defeat of June 1940, the French Catholic Church remained silent as race laws were introduced, whereas before the war it had publicly rejected racism and opposed antisemitism. A number of reasons accounted for it. A strong conviction prevailed in its ranks that the regime which had then emerged offered a unique opportunity to resume preeminence in French society and regain rights formerly denied under the Republic. It took two years for members of the clergy to recognise that by its prolonged silence the Church had in fact jettisoned its traditional views on 'justice and charity' for all men. It was only after the deportation to the death camps of over fifty thousand Jews that it finally raised its voice up on their behalf.     

The Importance of R&D for Innovation: A Reassessment Using French Survey Data

This paper compares the contribution of R&D to innovation in terms of the various innovation output measures provided by the third Community Innovation Survey (CIS 3) for French manufacturing firms and in terms of accounting for interindustry innovation differences.     

A Taste of Canaan

<正>Israeli winemakers are starting from scratch in the Chinese market The fact that an Israeli wine master class was held in China for the first time is testament to the Chinese market's formidable power of attraction.Chinese wine distributors,sommeliers,importers and experts were invited to taste some of Israel's best vintages at the Israeli Embassy in Beijing on March 28.     

Krav Maga Takes on China

<正>An Israeli self-defense system gains popularity among Chinese fans By Jacques FourrierMost people might think that introducing Krav Maga to the Chinese would be like carrying coals to Newcastle.After all,China is famous for the diversity of its martial arts styles,and household names such as Bruce Lee and Jackie Chan have greatly contributed to the worldwide promotion of the kungfu phenomenon.How could an Israeli self-defense and fighting system created only a few decades ago appeal to the Chinese?     

A Heady Brew

<正>Silver Heights brings the French passion for wine to NingxiaIn the midst of a concrete jungle in Yinchuan,capital of northwest China’s Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,lies a hidden gem,going by the not inauspicious name of Silver Heights.Silver Heights is not only one of the     

The “Sin of Omission”? Radio Vatican and the anti‐Nazi Struggle, 1940–1942

Studies and articles have recently appeared condemning Pius XII and Vatican policy during World War II. Pius XII and the Vatican are charged with having committed "crimes of omission". The papacy is accused of having remained silent during the mass killings of the Jews and of passivity when no order was given to the national Churches to act in the Jews' defence. An examination of broadcasts from Vatican radio challenges such conclusions. These broadcasts show that Vatican radio exposed Nazi persecution of the Church and opposed collaboration with Nazism. Furthermore, Vatican radio also appealed to Christians to remain true to their faith's injunctions: to defend the sanctity of life and the unity of humankind. In so doing the Vatican pursued a policy of spiritual resistance to Nazi ideology and racism.