“三渔问题”与公共政策调整思路——辽东湾海蜇捕捞案例分析

辽东湾海蜇捕捞案例反映出典型的以渔业资源枯竭,渔民生活困难,渔村经济薄弱为特征的"三渔问题".采用社会经济学原理和博弈论方法分析"资源公有 私人抢捕"(对应"公地悲剧 囚徒困境")的典型经济与社会问题,特别是海蜇捕捞冲突的机理与协调问题,探讨如何建立有效的社会协调机制,实现规范的公共管理.辽东湾海蜇捕捞违捕现象连年发生,已经形成了一种"动态稳定状态",说明海蜇捕捞这一公共管理事物出现了一定程度的市场失灵和一定程度的政府失灵现象.其中,产权问题是个核心问题.产权所有和使用可有四种基本组合:(1)资源公有 公共捕捞;(2)资源私有 私人捕捞;(3)资源公有 私人捕捞;(4)资源私有 公共捕捞.理论和现实都证明,第一种组合效率低下;第二种组合在不少国家为常态;第三种组合最容易出现"公地悲剧",这也是辽东湾的现实.但研究发现,海蜇资源具有较强的"竞争性"和"排他性",悲剧是可以避免的;第四种组合似乎没有可行性,但只要解决了"排他性"问题,很可能也是一种选择.     

Organizational Climate, Perceived Citizen Support, and Job Satisfaction of Police Officers: Findings from the Post-Grand Reform Era in South Korea

Two major police reforms were introduced in South Korea in 1991 and 1999 to help bring about a shift from a colonial style of policing to a form more prevalent in developed economies pursuing the rule of law, observance of human rights, and the practice of democratic policing. We conclude that the findings from the present study, drawing on a survey of a national sample of 406 South Korean police officers, offer modest support for the efforts of the Grand Reform in its impact on police officers?? satisfaction with promotion and salary and benefits. While few demographic characteristics, with the exception of age and years of experience, were associated with job satisfaction, there is strong evidence for the relationship between organizational characteristics and job satisfaction. Management support and perceived citizen support of police are associated with both measures of satisfaction, promotion and salary/benefits, while the police officers?? relationship with their supervisors is less than stellar. Finally, officers who believe that the primary operating philosophy of the police is to serve the government appear to be satisfied with their jobs relative to their opportunity for promotion, which is perhaps a more critical measure for them than salary and benefits, reflecting the presence of a police organizational climate that is still rooted in the historical military culture of Korean police. The findings from this study suggest that more efforts are warranted in improving organizational climate if officers are to believe their primary goal is to serve the citizen, a fundamental element of democratic policing.     

马来西亚华人农业跨国公司对外直接投资研究

华人跨国公司是当今世界经济中的新兴力量,本文分析马来西亚华人农业跨国公司的成长和对外直接投资的背景、特点,并就几家有代表性的企业进行研究,并总结华人农业跨国企业的不足、发展趋势及其对中国企业的启示。     

我国有组织犯罪的现状及其治理

我国社会正处于转型期。在这一时期,有组织犯罪在形式和实质上都发生了明显的变化,而其态势已经构成社会稳定、经济安全、基层政权的重大威胁,成为影响建设和谐社会的一大隐忧。因而加强对有组织犯罪现状及发展态势的研究,提出切实可行的治理方略,对于遏制这类犯罪的蔓延和对社会肌体的腐蚀具有重大意义。对该问题的研究,应综合刑法学、犯罪学、刑事政策学乃至法哲学方面的研究成果,兼顾学理与实践,以期提出积极、有效、符合实际的研究成果。     

高校大学生转专业“热”下的“冷”思考

当前,大学生转专业已经成为高校的一个普遍现象,大学生转专业的现象日益增多,学生在转专业时也出现趋热避冷的现象。本文初步分析了一些学生希望改转专业的原因以及转专业对大学生和高校的影响,对目前高校在学生转专业方面的做法作了评价,并对高校和大学生怎么应对转专业问题提出了一些建设性的意见。     

试论推定规则在贿赂犯罪认定中的适用

贿赂犯罪在证据收集与运用中存在着特殊的障碍。实际上,推定规则与无罪推定原则是相容的,因而推定规则在许多国家和地区的贿赂犯罪中都有具体的运用情形。推定规则在贿赂犯罪认定的适用中要把握住运用重点,同时要有规避推定规则负面性的保障措施。     

“Intuitive” Lie Detection of Children’s Deception by Law Enforcement Officials and University Students

Adults ability to detect childrens deception was examined. Police officers, customs officers, and university students attempted to differentiate between children who lied or told the truth about a transgression. When children were simply questioned about the event (Experiment 1), the adult groups could not distinguish between lie-tellers and truth-tellers. However, participants were more accurate when the children had participated in moral reasoning tasks (Experiment 2) or promised to tell the truth (Experiment 3) before being interviewed. Additional exposure to the children did not affect accuracy (Experiment 4). Customs officers were more certain about their judgments than other groups, but no more accurate. Overall, adults have a limited ability to identify childrens deception, regardless of their experience with lie detection.     

中国经济增长的主流和行政性虚热

社会经济生活中确实出现了投资和货币规模“超常增长”等虚热的征象。中国增长的加速 ,有其深刻的内在动因 ,不宜全面提高宏观调控的紧度 ,应在强制行政性退热的同时 ,以稳定政策和制度改进扩大市场主导性增长     

私分国有资产罪研究

私分国有资产罪是现行《刑法》第396条规定的罪名。该罪设立的目的在于保护国有资产,防止其流失。探讨该罪的犯罪客体、犯罪客观方面、是否单位犯罪等问题,便于解决该罪的司法适用以及在立法上的价值取向。     

对矿难背后深层次问题的思考

目前国内矿难事故频频发生,一些矿主暴富,矿产资源向少数人集中,造成社会的严重不公。其根源在于矿产开采利润空间太大,主要是采矿权人向第三人分摊成本而形成了负外部性,包括无偿或低价的矿产资源,政府寻租成本转嫁,对矿工保障安全的不投入,对他人土地权的无偿损害等。解决这一问题的根本途径在于界定采矿权的权利,通过完善相应法律制度,将采矿权负外部性成本内化。