检察工作一体化机制建设的现实困境与理论回应

在检察工作一体化机制建设推进过程中,主要存在上下统一与下级自主、横向协作与各负其责、内部整合与相互制约、总体统筹与制度环境相矛盾的现实困境,亟待从理论上予以回应,理清思路,建立健全相关制度,确保检察工作一体化机制建设这一重要的改革举措顺利推进.     

中东石油出口流向变化及对中国的影响

中东是世界上储、产石油最丰富的地区,也是最重要的石油出口区。石油危机前,中东石油出口主要流向欧、美等国家和地区;石油危机后,中东石油出口流向主要由向西方转为向东方,亚太新兴工业国家在中东石油出口中所占的比重上升;20世纪90年代,世界政治形势的变化使这种世界石油贸易新格局得到进一步加强,中东石油的出口方向主要是东亚和南亚。世界石油贸易格局的重大变化,为中国与中东国家加大石油领域的合作提供了机遇。同时,中国也应借鉴西欧国家的经验,坚持节能及发展可再生资源、实现进口来源多元化的能源和油气发展战略。     

马来人的服饰

服饰是全世界穆斯林区别于其他宗教信仰者的重要特征之一,但由于每个国家和地区的穆斯林都要受当地文化传统和社会环境的影响,因此,他们在服饰上呈现出丰富多彩的面貌。本文主要介绍了马来西亚马来穆斯林的日常服饰,希望由此揭示出人类文化的多样性,并在一定程度上反映出地方政治环境对人们的服饰规则的影响。     

Adults’ Judgments of Children's Coached Reports

This study investigated adults’ judgments of the honesty of children's coached true and fabricated mock testimony. Adults saw video clips of children testifying in a mock court about a true or fabricated event in their lives. They were asked to make an assessment of the truthfulness of the testimony, and respond to questions about their perception of children's credibility. Half of the adults saw children testifying after a competence examination, and the other half saw children testifying without a competence examination. Overall, girls were rated as more competent than boys, and their testimony was more likely to be believed. Younger children were more likely to be rated as incompetent than older children. A factor analysis of adults’ responses revealed six factors which significantly predicted adults’ overall assessment of children's credibility, and their evaluations of children's competence to testify. Adults’ detection accuracy was at chance, with the majority of children rated as truthful. Viewing the competency examination and cross-examination did not improve the adults’ detection accuracy. However, seeing the cross-examination made adults’ less likely to believe children's testimony. The implications of these results for the judicial system are discussed.     

“和谐社会”呼唤社会关系领域内深刻变革

市场机制在使生产力得到迅猛发展的同时,也使社会生产方式和社会关系发生深刻变化.从改革开放初期继承下来的粗放型生产劳动关系,无法适应生产力进一步发展的要求.进入社会矛盾"凸显期",为避免其他发展中国家所经历的经济停滞和社会动荡,必须确立"以人为本"的新理念,理顺包括劳动关系在内的各种社会关系,促进社会公平与关系和谐,实现经济社会的可持续发展.     

消费者概念的法律思考

消费者是社会最终产品和服务的接受者,是购买、使用、持有、处分、接受商品和服务的人,是具有最终消费行为的主体。判断消费者的依据是最终消费行为,不应考虑行为者的目的、动机:是否以盈利为目的;是否为满足“生活需要”。在单位以最终消费主体而非以经营者身份与其他经营者形成的生活消费关系中,单位是消费者。     

Genetic polymorphisms of 15 STR loci in two Tibetan populations from Tibet Changdu and Naqu, China

The allelic distribution of 15 short tandem repeat (STR) loci included in the AmpFl STR Identifiler kit was examined in 100 Changdu Tibetan and 118 Naqu Tibetan unrelated individuals living in the Tibet Province, PR China. The distribution of these observed genotypes was not significantly different from the expected distribution according to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.     

非法采矿适用共同犯罪的理论辨析

未取得采矿许可证擅自开采矿产资源,通常需要多人从各个不同方面有意配合,才能形成整体的开采行为。在非法开采方面,土地承包人的土地流转、矿产原料的运输和加工、提供火工品和电力、政府官员的默契等,都属于非法开采的共同行为。各自行为单独起来可能不构成犯罪,整体分析时则构成犯罪。共同犯罪分为两种:紧密关系的必要共同,称为"完全共同"犯罪,只能定一罪;松疏关系的相对共同,称为"部分共同"犯罪,可以定数罪。     

羁押必要性之检察审查制度的程序构建

检察审查羁押必要性的适用对象是修正后的刑事诉讼法第79条第一款的被羁押者。审查程序的启动可以是检察机关依据职权审查,也可以是依据被羁押者或其近亲属、法定代理人、其委托的辩护律师申请而进行审查。间隔性审查的期限以60日为宜。审查的方式是对席制和书面调查制,根据不同的方式采取不同的程序。检察审查后作出的无羁押必要的决定应该具有程序效力,但修正后的刑事诉讼法并没有规定该决定的程序执行效力。这在以后的司法实践中可能出现羁押必要性审查制度虚置的现象。