公安行政执法心理问题分析

随着依法治国方略的贯彻实施,我国行政执法整体状况明显改观,但是公安行政执法人员在执法过程中仍表现出一些不良心理。本文通过分析当前公安行政执法过程中存在的心理问题并提出相应的对策,将利于进一步改善我国公安行政执法水平和执法形象。     

论和谐社会的法治构建

和谐社会不仅是人与人之间、人与社会之间的和谐,也是人与自然之间的和谐。社会主义和谐社会是一种各尽其能、尊重诉求、各得其所、和谐相处和共生共进的社会。法治不仅是和谐社会的重要内容,而且也是社会主义和谐社会最终实现的有力保障,我国现阶段实现构建和谐社会的战略目标应将法治作为基本的方针策略。     

Children's Conceptual Knowledge of Lying and Its Relation to Their Actual Behaviors: Implications for Court Competence Examinations

Child witnesses must undergo a competence examination in which they must show appropriate conceptual understanding of lying and truth-telling, and promise to tell the truth. Three experiments (Ns = 123, 103, 177) were conducted to address the assumptions underlying the court competence examination that (1) children who understand lying and its moral implications are less likely to lie and (2) discussing the conceptual issues concerning lying and having children promising to tell the truth promotes truth-telling. Both measures of lying and understanding of truth- and lie-telling were obtained from children between 3 and 7 years of age. Most children demonstrated appropriate conceptual knowledge of lying and truth-telling and the obligation to tell the truth, but many of the same children lied to conceal their own transgression. Promising to tell the truth significantly reduced lying. Implications for legal systems are discussed.     

新型粉末状荧光502熏显手印荧光波段研究

目的运用新型粉末状荧光502可一步显现非渗透性光滑客体表面潜手印。为了选择最佳的激发光源和滤光镜来观察熏显后荧光效果,本文对该粉末的荧光性能进行研究。方法使用荧光光谱仪对新型粉末状荧光502进行激发光谱和发射光谱的测试,进而选择合适的激发光源及滤光镜来进行观察和拍照。结果新型粉末状荧光502的光谱范围较宽,在波长为235nm~580nm范围内均可进行激发,具有广谱性,其中对波长在530nm附近的激发光具有最大峰值,即荧光强度最大,对450nm和360nm附近的光也具有很高的吸收峰值,斯托克斯偏移量为45nm。宏观验证实验表明,在仪器分析所得的范围内,显现出的手印效果均较好。结论运用该粉末在熏显手印后可以在紫外、紫光、蓝光、黄光、绿光范围内进行激发,斯托克斯偏移大,荧光亮度高,在观察荧光效果时能够很好的消除背景荧光的干扰,也便于选择滤光镜。手印荧光效果除了受到熏显物质荧光性能的影响外,还与激发光源的品质、滤光片的透过性能以及检材固有的发光特点、客体表面性质有关。     

Identification of document paper using hybrid feature extraction

Document forgery is a significant issue in Korea, with around ten thousand cases reported every year. Analyzing paper plays a crucial role in examining questionable documents such as marketable securities and contracts, which can aid in solving criminal cases of document forgery. Paper analysis can also provide essential insights in other types of criminal cases, serving as an important clue for solving cases such as the source of a blackmail letter. The papermaking process generates distinct forming fabric marks and formations, which are critical features for paper classification. These characteristics are observable under transmitted light and are created by the forming fabric pattern and the distribution of pulp fibers, respectively. In this study, we propose a novel approach for paper identification based on hybrid features. This method combines texture features extracted from images converted using the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) approach and a convolutional neural network (CNN), with another set of features extracted by the CNN using the same images as input. We applied the proposed method to classification tasks for seven major paper brands available in the Korean market, achieving an accuracy of 97.66%. The results confirm the applicability of this method for visually inspecting paper products and demonstrate its potential for assisting in solving criminal cases involving document forgery.     

我国少年司法制度的现实困境与改革出路

少年犯罪问题在现代社会变得日益严峻,为预防、控制和减少少年犯罪,世界各国都很重视少年司法制度建设.我国由于多种原因,少年司法制度建设起步较晚,与发达国家少年司法制度存有较大差距.为加快少年司法制度建设,本文对我国少年司法制度的现状作了探讨,并借鉴发达国家成熟的做法,提出了完善构想.     

路桥刑侦警务创新改革的实践与思考

2007年3月份以来,台州市公安局路桥区分局针对刑侦警务机制运行中存在的弊端,进行了大胆的创新与实践。通过刑侦警务创新改革,有效整合了公安机关的打击资源,充分调动了各警种、各部门打击犯罪的工作积极性,建立健全了适应辖区刑事犯罪规律、协调高效的打击犯罪工作新机制。该局的创新实践告诉我们,刑侦警务创新改革必须顺应刑事犯罪的变化发展要求,始终保持刑侦部门的破案打击主力军地位,坚持构建打防控一体化工作格局,坚持走专业化发展道路。     

Y chromosome STR haplotypes of Tibetan Living Tibet Lassa

Allele frequencies and haplotypes of the 17 Y-chromosome STRs loci, namely DYS19, DYS385a/b, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635 (YGATA C4), and YGATA H4 were determined in a sample of 131 healthy unrelated males from the Lassa area of Tibet Autonomy Region of China (SW China). In 131 samples 106 different haplotypes were encountered, of which 105 were observed only once. The overall haplotype diversity was 0.9998. The results demonstrate that these loci will be very useful for human identification in forensic cases and paternity tests in the Lassa region.     

共产党员理想信念建设机制创新探赜

<正>共产党员理想信念的确立、教育不是一劳永逸的。理想信念与社会生活之间有着紧密的联系并始终处于互动之中。社会历史条件的变化,总是不断把新的问题、新的矛盾提到理想信念教育面前。如果从精神文化发展的大视域去研究理想信念建设的理论和实践,需要进一步从现实人的发展、人的需求以及人在实践中的主体地位的角度探索构建共产党员理想信念建设的新机制问题。我们这里说的"理想信念建设的机制",指的是带观律性的理想信念建设模式。     

Development of a specific fragment pattern-based quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry method to screen adulterated products of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors and their analogues

Recently, adulterated supplements with phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE-5i) have frequently observed. New synthetic analogues obtained from the chemical modification of parent compounds are frequently found in illicit products despite continuous efforts to inspect for these adulterants. A rapid and accurate method based on quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry was developed for simultaneously confirming and quantifying 85 PDE-5i and derived analogues present in illicit products for erectile dysfunction (ED). Common ions of PDE-5i according to their similar structures were proposed based on MS/MS fragmentations. These common ions could be an important diagnosis of their presence targets or new emerging analogues in supplements. Several validation parameters were employed, resulting in a limit of detection and quantification of 0.09–8.55 ng/mL and 0.24–17.10 ng/mL, respectively. The linear correlation coefficient (r²) was higher than 0.995, and mean recoveries of target compounds were in the range of 82–118%. A total of 187 illicit products, obtained from on/offline markets over a period of 3 years (2015–2017), were screened by the established method. Approximately 53% of them were adulterated with PDE-5i or derived analogues at concentrations of 0.1–726.0 mg/g in the illicit products. In the interests of public health, this study describes a rapid and accurate method to determine PDE-5i and new emerging analogues in adulterated products.