大数据时代科技反腐的作用与发展建议

制约和监督权力是反腐败的关键。在权力结构与运行机制改革未取得根本性突破的情况下,运用科技手段作为当前反腐败的切入口和突破点不失为明智之举。大数据时代的到来在给人们的生活和工作带来深刻影响的同时,也为反腐败插上了科技的翅膀。从技术层面提升反腐效能,突破反腐败瓶颈,需要执政党在既有的反腐败方略和路径之内,充分重视科技反腐的特殊作用,在顶层设计时充分考虑科技元素,整合数据资源,推广信息化应用,形成官民互动的良好格局。     

The Development of College Students’ Willpower and its Impact on Career

Recently, Non-intelligence factors of students'ability, especially transferable ability as willpower receives wide attention from the academic circles. Psychological means , represented by Five Adult Personality Scale and Grit Scale, has been able to carry out scientific subjective evaluation of the level of personal willpower. Using a simplified Grit Scale, we made a measurement and research on college students' Willpower level in Beijing. Our research found (1) college students'willpower play an important role in various stages of university life. The developmet of college students' willpower has a significant impact on adaptation of freshmen, turning of sophemores and career maturity of juniors. (2)College factors, represented by types of colleges and universities, types of majors and interpersonal interaction have significant impact on the development of college students' willpower. (3)As transferable ability, willpower not only will affect the students' academic achievement, but also affect the career development after graduation.     

Financial Development,Entrepreneurship and Urban-rural Inequality

Based on the panel data of prefecture-level city over 2000—2012, this article shows that financial development can reduce urban-rural inequality through entrepreneurship. Furthermore, the above relationship is related to the degree of marketization. Among the three major regions of China, it is the most remarkable in the east area where degree of marketization is the highest, the least remarkable in the western area where degree of marketization is the lowest.     

大数据应用于国际问题研究的意义及其局限——以《国际安全态势感知指数2016》为例

作为社会学科研究的国际问题研究需要回答四个方面的问题:描述性的问题、解释性的问题、预测性研究和对策性研究。严格遵循社会科学研究的程序,这四个方面的国际问题研究就会表现出一些共同特点:客观性或者说可重复性、规律性或者说普遍意义、简约性或者说主次分明。大数据研究能够让决策者获得更加全面、充分的信息,从而采取更加具有针对性的政策;在进行描述性的国际问题研究时,大数据可以起到十分突出、甚至是革命性的作用;在解释性的问题方面,大数据的长处是用来发现相关性,而不是做出因果解释;大数据还可以发现有价值的解释性问题;大数据在预测和对策研究方面的优势十分明显,它所发现的规律性现象不仅可以用来预测,也可以帮助人们做出选择。大数据应用到国际问题研究领域也有其局限性,有些局限性是这一方法本身所具有的,例如不能进行因果机制的分析和解释;有一些是国际问题研究领域所具有的,例如"成本-收益问题"、数据主权问题等。在国际问题研究领域,大数据并不适合用于做战略研究,而更多适宜于对国际发展态势的宏观描述以及为具体的外交行为提供精准的指导方案。总之,大数据有助于发现更全面和客观的事实、提出更多规律性的问题以及帮助研究进行预测和做出选择,但大数据自身不能完成整个解释的过程,需要研究者进行专业的因果机制的分析和解释。     

溺死鉴定中硅藻检验的应用

在法医学检案中,溺死诊断以及入水地点的判定一直是重点和难点之一,硅藻检验被认为是一种相对可靠的诊断溺死的方法,而根据硅藻的群落特征推断其入水区域具有一定的可信度。对不同水域内硅藻进行研究,可为溺死鉴定及入水区域的判定提供参考。本文就硅藻相关的生物学特性、检验方法等相关的国内外研究进展进行综述,供法医学工作者在相关科研和检案实践中参考。     

颅内出血患者血清IL-6、TNF-α变化在法医临床鉴定中的意义

目的探讨颅内出血患者血清IL-6、TNF-α的水平变化及在法医学的临床意义。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)对颅内出血患者住院后不同时间段血清IL-6、TNF-α水平进行检测,并与正常对照组的健康受试者进行比较分析。结果研究组重型与轻型患者后第1、3、5、7天血清IL-6、TNF-α水平较正常对照组明显增加,重型患者入院第5、7天的血清IL-6、TNF-α较轻型患者明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);根据患者最后结果(死亡组和存活组),发现死亡组随着时间延长,在第5、7天时IL-6、TNF-α水平显著高于存活组(P0.05)。此外,血清IL-6和TNF-α水平呈正性显著相关(r=0.721,P0.05)。结论检测颅内出血患者血清IL-6、TNF-α水平对观察其病情变化有重要意义,可作为法医学鉴定的辅助手段。     

Structuring Judicial Discretion in China: Exploring the 2014 Sentencing Guidelines

In recent years, a range of western jurisdictions has introduced reforms designed to restrict and guide judicial discretion at sentencing. The reforms enacted include mandatory sentencing laws and guiding statutes prescribing sentencing purposes and principles as well as important aggravating and mitigating factors. However, formal guidelines are the most promising and well-studied innovation. We may now add China to the growing list of countries that have recognized the utility of guidelines. Over the past decade, China has slowly developed sentencing guidelines for its courts. The new guidelines contain both general directions with respect to the determination of sentence as well as specific numerical guidelines for common offences. The guidelines do not follow the approach taken by the US schemes, many of which employ a two-dimensional sentencing grid. Instead, China has adopted a strategy consisting of “Starting Point” sentences which are then adjusted by the court to reflect relevant mitigating and aggravating factors. This approach is much closer to the guidelines developed in England and Wales and those proposed but not yet implemented in New Zealand and Israel. In this article, we explore the new Chinese guidelines and provide a limited comparative analysis with guidelines in other jurisdictions. England and Wales is selected as the principal comparator since it has developed and implemented a comprehensive system consisting of both offence-specified guidelines as well as generic guidelines.     

No Difference At All

正Inclusive preschool education is accessible for hearing-impaired kids March 3 marked the 17th National Ear Care Day.The Beijing Qicong Kindergarten was established with assistance from the China Rehabilitation Research Center for Deaf Children(CRRCDC)     

促进循环经济发展的税收政策探讨

随着各国环境资源瓶颈的日益凸现和可持续发展理念的不断深入,循环经济作为一种新的经济发展模式迅速发展起来。税收作为国家宏观调控的重要手段,在促进循环经济发展上具有其他经济手段无法替代的作用。该文简要探讨循环经济税收政策的理论依据,分析研究中国循环经济税收政策的发展现状,提出关于完善中国循环经济税收政策的对策建议。     

深化我国乡镇管理体制改革的职能模式探析——安徽省乡镇管理体制改革全面试点透视

以当今我国全面推进乡镇管理体制改革试点为背景,动态地阐释职能模式抉择在乡镇公共管理职能转变中特殊的关键意义,以及此一选择的主要类型和应遵循的基本原则,是当下中国农村全面深化改革的迫切诉求,更是学界的理论责任。