Feature reviews

China is now the world's second largest oil consuming nation. China's external quest for oil has thus generated much attention and is believed by many to destabilise the world order. This article attempts to provide an overview of China's external initiatives for satisfying domestic oil demands and to examine the implications of China's oil diplomacy on regional and global political stability. The article suggests that China has taken three steps to satisfy its growing domestic demand for oil—expanding overseas oil supplies from the Middle East, diversifying its importing sources by reaching out to Africa, Russia, Central Asia and the Americas, and securing oil transport routes. This article argues that China's oil diplomacy strengthens its ties with oil-producing nations and complicates those with oil-importing nations. Nevertheless, contrary to pessimistic predictions, China's oil diplomacy has neither upset the USA's fundamental policies towards Iraq and Iran, nor has it generated armed clashes in the South China Sea. China has largely accommodated the USA in these areas and has forged joint efforts in energy exploration with its Asian neighbours, except for Japan. China's benign oil diplomacy can be explained by the minor role of oil imports in its energy consumption and, more importantly, by China's peaceful-rise strategy.     

论毛泽东新民主主义理论与孙中山新三民主义理论的关系

新民主主义理论是毛泽东思想的重要理论之一,新三民主义理论是孙中山晚年根据他几十年革命经验所总结出来的重要理论。虽然属于两种不同的理论体系,但是二者有着密切的关系：毛泽东提出新民主主义理论的背景与三民主义密切相关;新民主主义理论在很大程度上继承了新三民主义理论的革命思想;新民主主义理论在继承新三民主义理论革命思想的同时完成了对它的超越。     

甘肃省公路地下水区划研究

参考甘肃地下水赋存类型、埋藏深度和矿化度等研究成果,依据自然区划的一般理论、原则和方法,拟定了甘肃公路地下水区划原则和分区指标体系,对甘肃省公路地下水进行逐级分区,并绘制了甘肃省公路地下水区划图,对甘肃公路的规划、设计和施工等提供有益的帮助.     

论刑事审判权的界限——以日本的诉因制度为借镜

按照平野龙一的观点,诉因是检察官指控的事实,诉因可以由检察官履行一定程序,在"公诉事实同一性"的范围内变更,法院没有变更诉因的权限和义务,即使命令检察官变更诉因,其命令也不具有形成新诉因的效力,但适用法律是法院的权力,法院可以在不改变诉因的前提下变更检察官指控的罪名.我国可借鉴日本诉因制度的经验,通过明确诉因,划清审判权在刑事诉讼中的界限,将审判权与公诉权区分开来,防止法院异化为追诉者,以保障被告人的权利,并实现公正、高效、权威等价值目标.在没有诉园制度的前提下,我国法院借鉴诉因变更主义的原理,也可以按照不同的情形对变更指控的问题分别作出处理.     

完善我国社会保障制度的思考

在我国，社会保障制度是社会主义市场经济体制的重要支柱，关系改革、发展和稳定的全局。就整体而言，目前我国的社会保障制度的法律体系还不完善，而且国家包揽过多，企业负担过重，覆盖范围太小且不统一。在分析国外社会保障制度的实践的基础上，提出进一步完善社会保障制度建设的对策。     

Auctions or grandfathering: the political economy of tradable emission permits

Despite the prevalence of grandfathered permits, we still observe that a hybrid policy, in which a fraction of initial emission permits is distributed through auctions, is adopted in some cases. We also observe that some polluting industries support auctioned permits, and that most environmental groups support grandfathered permits. This paper attempts to explain these phenomena from the perspective of political economy, and investigates the conditions under which grandfathering, auctions, or a hybrid instrument will be the equilibrium policy. By constructing a two-stage lobbying game, in which the type of policy instrument (auction, grandfathering, or a hybrid instrument) is determined in the first stage, and then the number of permits is decided in the second stage, we highlight the strategic interaction of the lobbying activities between the two stages in explaining the behavior of the lobbying groups.     

关于新时期扶贫开发的几点理性思考

新时期扶贫开发面临新形势,需要新的扶贫开发理论作指导,需要确定新的贫困标准,需要开阔扶贫开发新思路。     

Quantitative Phase Analysis by the Rietveld Method for Forensic Science

Quantitative phase analysis (QPA) is helpful to determine the type attribute of the object because it could present the content of the constituents. QPA by Rietveld method requires neither measurement of calibration data nor the use of an internal standard; however, the approximate crystal structure of each phase in a mixture is necessary. In this study, 8 synthetic mixtures composed of potassium nitrate and sulfur were analyzed by Rietveld QPA method. The Rietveld refinement was accomplished with a material analysis using diffraction program and evaluated by three agreement indices. Results showed that Rietveld QPA yielded precise results, with errors generally less than 2.0% absolute. In addition, a criminal case which was broken successfully with the help of Rietveld QPA method was also introduced. This method will allow forensic investigators to acquire detailed information of the material evidence, which could point out the direction for case detection and court proceedings.     

Conceptualizing Islamic banking and finance: a comparison of its development and governance in Malaysia and Singapore

In response to the limited engagement with critical social science concerning the governance of Islamic banking and finance (IBF), this paper compares and conceptualizes the development and governance of IBF in Malaysia and Singapore. We argue that IBF governance in Malaysia and Singapore can be distinguished on the basis of ethnic politics, moral suasion, product demand, product innovation, and the character of state practices. Concerning the latter, we contend that the political economy of both countries can be characterized as broadly involving a ‘neoliberal-developmentalism’, but we nuance this by positing a transition in Malaysia from a ‘semi-developmentalism’ in the 1980s to what we call an ‘Islamic and internationalising ordoliberalism’ beginning in the 2000s. In turn, the governance of IBF in Singapore involves a combination of neoliberal developmentalism, which nonetheless also entails some form of Islamic ordoliberalism.