美国南海政策的军事化及其影响

当前,国际社会正处于"百年未有之大变局"中,中美两国竞争加剧。在这一背景下,美国南海政策的军事化倾向尤为突出。通过案例分析、运用比较分析的方法对美国南海政策军事化及其影响进行探究,可以看出美国南海政策军事化的主要目的是遏制中国的崛起。为达到这一目的,美国提升了"航行自由行动"的频率和烈度,增加了在南海内沿和外围的军事战略存在,还加强了与盟国的同盟关系。不过,美国国内有一部分人认为南海政策军事化目前并未达到其希望的效力,反而使美国在战争与和平之间愈加难以保持平衡。美国在南海地区的影响力受到挑战的同时,中美关系也因此有所倒退,南海局势变得更加复杂。鉴于此,中国一方面要保持克制态度,增强危机意识,做好预案,通过高质量外交对话等方式增进与美国的政治互信,另一方面也要加快推进与东盟国家《南海各方行为准则》的谈判与磋商,与东盟国家一道维护好南海地区的和平与稳定。     

Chinese Eastern Industrial Zone in Ethiopia: unpacking the enclave

Abstract

This paper examines China’s engagement with Africa through economic zones (EZs). It moves beyond the conceptualisation of EZs as undifferentiated enclaves of foreign investment to a dynamic perspective on the locally negotiated process of zone development. Such a perspective entails critical unpacking of the specific zone regime to understand the diverse and evolving relationships among different state and non-state actors. Drawing upon empirical research on the Eastern Industrial Zone (EIZ) in Ethiopia, we explore the complex process of learning and adaptation by government, developers, investors, and workers throughout the development of a zone regime, with specific attention to capital–labour and expatriate–local relations. We find that despite the EIZ being a state-level cooperation project, private Chinese developers work diligently with the Ethiopian government to improve the institutional support for EZs. Chinese investors also collectively generate a management regime to enhance their overseas operational capacity and experiment with various tactics to transform local recruits into an industrial workforce. Local workers, with limited protection by official labour unions, turn to individual- and group-based agency to improve their working conditions. Despite the momentum created by multiple stakeholders, there are concerns regarding the long-term contributions of EZs to engender sustained industrial transformation and skills development.     

明治维新与近代日本乡村国民意识的形成

明治维新促成近代日本国民国家的形成,国民意识作为建构现代民族国家的重要一环,对稳定日本国内政治环境、创造有益于推行改革的社会氛围发挥了重要作用。从江户末期到明治中前期的改革与维新中,在义务教育、征兵制、地税改革等国家权力自上而下渗透的政策中,国民意识被强制灌输给乡村民众,取代原有的乡土认同,国家认同得以强化;其引发的不适作为社会问题浮现出来,又自下而上地反作用于改革,带来国民与国家之间的互动,国民意识中的国民主体性得以彰显,丰富了国民意识的内涵。在二者的磨合与互动中,到1889年明治维新结束时,国民意识在近代日本乡村初成。     

Internal capabilities,external structural holes network positions,and knowledge creation

Social network theory suggests that firms bridging structural holes by connecting disconnected partners in a network benefit from timely access to diverse knowledge. However, the existing literature reports mixed evidence with regard to the performance implications of this view. Our study examines how a firm’s diverse knowledge base and knowledge-processing capabilities affect knowledge creation when a firm bridges multiple structural holes in an inter-firm network. The model is tested on a sample of 191 firms in high-technology industries. The dependent variable, knowledge creation, was measured by the number of patents generated. Results show that when a firm spans multiple structural holes, its diverse technological knowledge facilitates knowledge creation. However, when a firm already possesses well-developed knowledge acquisition capabilities, spanning structural holes reduces knowledge creation. This paper suggests that internal knowledge base and knowledge-processing capabilities determine the impacts of external network positions on firm knowledge creation. It provides implications on how a firm best capitalizes on external network positions.     

创新政府维护社会稳定的工作机制思路

社会的和谐发展需要稳定的秩序,后金融危机时期不确定不稳定因素仍然很多,政府需要积极寻求更有效措施预防和化解各种不稳定因素。本文主要从机制的建立完善入手,从而提高政府维护社会稳定工作的能力。     

论我国石油天然气安全及其法律保障体系的构建

石油天然气是现代国家经济发展、社会进步的物质基础,保障其安全成了一个世界性话题。传统的石油天然气安全观只注重经济安全,而忽视了环境安全和资源安全,应当从可持续发展理论的角度对石油天然气的安全问题重新界定,审视和构建符合新时代背景下的石油天然气安全法律保障体系。     

犯罪预防体系的第三支柱--西方国家犯罪情境预防的策略

西方情境预防的理论根基包括三个方面:理性选择理论、日常活动理论、环境犯罪学理论。情境预防的基本政策包括五个方面:提高犯罪难度、提高犯罪风险、降低犯罪回报、减少犯罪刺激、排除犯罪借口。借鉴这一政策的理论与实践措施,对我国犯罪预防具有积极的意义。     

期刊栏目设计的个性化追求

期刊栏目设计要追求个性化,形成风格,以保证期刊定位准确,提升文化含量,实现精品战略.个性化栏目的外部特征为统一性、原创性、稳定性;个性化栏目设计的结构要求为排列有规律、宽度有长短、品牌要固定.期刊编辑要不断提高素质和能力,为期刊栏目设计的个性化做出努力.     

检察机关介入环境公益诉讼的思考与建议

环境利益在受到不法侵害时,检察机关积极尝试作为原告提起环境公益诉讼,为权利受到损害但又无力提起诉讼的公民提供了救济渠道。检察机关介入环境公益诉讼的优势突出,但存在着环境公益诉讼立法不足等缺陷。通过参考国外环境公益诉讼制度,结合我国实际情况,提出支持检察机关介入环境公益诉讼的依据。在此基础上,循序渐进地建立完善我国环境公益诉讼制度,构建检察机关介入环境公益诉讼的特别程序,进而达到其法律监督的目的,最后为完善立法提供可资借鉴的实践基础。     

论行政审批与合同效力——以外商投资企业股权转让为线索

行政审批在性质上为行政许可,而非行政确认,由此决定行政审批为合同生效的必要条件,而非充分条件。在须经行政审批的场合,未经审批的合同为未生效合同,而非无效合同。未生效合同不能产生履行的效力,但并非不具有任何法律约束力,合同依法成立后,负有报批义务的一方应依照合同的约定或者法律的规定履行报批的义务,否则,即应承担相应的违约责任。对此,无论从解释论的角度进行分析,还是从立法论的角度进行分析,都可以得出大体相同的结论。考虑到解释论的思路过于曲折,从立法论的角度来探讨这一问题的解决就显得尤为必要。