全文获取类型
| 收费全文 | 9923篇 |
| 免费 | 109篇 |
专业分类
| 各国政治 | 626篇 |
| 工人农民 | 365篇 |
| 世界政治 | 760篇 |
| 外交国际关系 | 471篇 |
| 法律 | 5451篇 |
| 中国共产党 | 2篇 |
| 中国政治 | 140篇 |
| 政治理论 | 2114篇 |
| 综合类 | 103篇 |
出版年
| 2020年 | 134篇 |
| 2019年 | 150篇 |
| 2018年 | 206篇 |
| 2017年 | 231篇 |
| 2016年 | 236篇 |
| 2015年 | 206篇 |
| 2014年 | 215篇 |
| 2013年 | 1147篇 |
| 2012年 | 247篇 |
| 2011年 | 332篇 |
| 2010年 | 241篇 |
| 2009年 | 257篇 |
| 2008年 | 261篇 |
| 2007年 | 243篇 |
| 2006年 | 240篇 |
| 2005年 | 212篇 |
| 2004年 | 234篇 |
| 2003年 | 247篇 |
| 2002年 | 188篇 |
| 2001年 | 373篇 |
| 2000年 | 343篇 |
| 1999年 | 316篇 |
| 1998年 | 162篇 |
| 1997年 | 121篇 |
| 1996年 | 123篇 |
| 1995年 | 114篇 |
| 1994年 | 118篇 |
| 1993年 | 116篇 |
| 1992年 | 170篇 |
| 1991年 | 166篇 |
| 1990年 | 154篇 |
| 1989年 | 144篇 |
| 1988年 | 167篇 |
| 1987年 | 166篇 |
| 1986年 | 170篇 |
| 1985年 | 155篇 |
| 1984年 | 154篇 |
| 1983年 | 163篇 |
| 1982年 | 101篇 |
| 1981年 | 73篇 |
| 1980年 | 83篇 |
| 1979年 | 104篇 |
| 1978年 | 86篇 |
| 1977年 | 69篇 |
| 1976年 | 73篇 |
| 1975年 | 64篇 |
| 1974年 | 58篇 |
| 1972年 | 59篇 |
| 1971年 | 61篇 |
| 1969年 | 58篇 |
排序方式： 共有10000条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
391.
While there is a vast and contentious literature devoted to the debate over “politics versus markets,” scholars have devoted little empirical attention to the fundamental question of how the choice between these two approaches to public policy affects the overall quality of human life. Contending arguments make powerful claims for the superiority of each as the best mechanism for generating and distributing well‐being. We attempt an empirical appraisal of this issue, using the extent to which individuals find their lives to be satisfying as an evaluative metric. Considering individual levels of life satisfaction in advanced industrial democracies using the most recent wave of survey data from the World Values Survey, we find that citizens are more satisfied with their lives as the level of state intervention into the market economy increases. Aunque existe una vasta y polémica literatura dedicada al debate acerca de “política contra el mercado,” los académicos han dedicado poca atención empírica a la pregunta fundamental de cómo la elección entre estos dos enfoques en las políticas públicas afectan en conjunto la calidad de la vida humana. Argumentos opuestos hacen fuertes afirmaciones sobre la superioridad de cada uno como el mejor mecanismo para generar y distribuir el bienestar. Utilizando los niveles de satisfacción de los individuos como sistema de medición, intentamos realizar una evaluación empírica de este tema. Considerando los niveles individuales de satisfacción de vida en democracias avanzadas industriales y utilizando la más reciente oleada de datos en encuestas del World Values Survey, encontramos que los ciudadanos están mas satisfechos con sus vidas a medida que el nivel de intervención del estado en el mercado aumenta. 相似文献
392.
This paper critically explores and evaluates the theoretical innovations in the conceptualization of Weber’s theory of legitimacy and its application to the study of Chinese politics. It argues that there is a need for a re-conceptualization of the concept in order to give due recognition to the process of legitimating power based on legal-rational principles in the current context. Thus this paper develops a theoretical framework on legitimacy by relating theory to practice in Chinese electoral participation and the local politics of legitimizing rural authority and improving governance at the grassroots level. 相似文献
393.
C. X. George Wei 《Asian Politics & Policy》2011,3(1):3-27
Most observers hold a positive view of China's reform since 1978 but are critical of the policies of the era of Mao Zedong, ignoring the inseparable connections between the two. This article argues that the post‐Mao era reform represents both continuity and discontinuity with the immediate past, and a complex mingling of Mao's legacy with new initiatives. The origins of many reform policies, as well as their accomplishments, could be traced back to the Mao era. They were often conditioned by, benefited from, or were built upon the outcomes of Mao's policies. These included the decisions to normalize China's relations with the United States and develop friendship with Third World countries, efforts to decentralize economic power and industrialize China without urbanization, and the move to defeat “capitalist roaders” but call Deng Xiaoping back to office. Overall, the turn toward capitalism of China has proven Mao's foresight, validated his concerns, and may be evidence of the lasting utility of Maoism. 相似文献
394.
PEGGY C. GIORDANO WENDI L. JOHNSON WENDY D. MANNING MONICA A. LONGMORE MALLORY D. MINTER 《犯罪学》2015,53(3):330-365
Prior research on patterns of intimate partner violence (IPV) has documented changes over time, but few studies have focused directly on IPV desistance processes. This analysis identifies unique features of IPV, providing a rationale for the focus on this form of behavior cessation. We develop a life‐course perspective on social learning as a conceptual framework and draw on qualitative interviews (n = 89) elicited from a sample of young adults who participated in a larger longitudinal study (Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study). The respondents’ backgrounds reflected a range of persistence and desistance from IPV perpetration. Our analyses revealed that relationship‐based motivations and changes were central features of the narratives of successful desisters, whether articulated as a stand‐alone theme or in tandem with other potential “hooks” for change. The analysis provides a counterpoint to individualistic views of desistance processes, highlighting ways in which social experiences foster attitude shifts and associated behavioral changes that respondents tied to this type of behavior change. The analyses of persisters and those for whom change seemed to be a work in progress provide points of contrast and highlight barriers that limit a respondent's desistance potential. We describe implications for theories of desistance as well as for IPV prevention and intervention efforts. 相似文献
395.
Stephanie F. Williams M.P.S. Drew P. Pulsifer Ph.D. Robert C. Shaler Ph.D. Robert S. Ramotowski M.S. Shelly Brazelle M.S. Akhlesh Lakhtakia Ph.D. D.Sc. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2015,60(2):295-302
Both the columnar‐thin‐film (CTF) and the vacuum‐metal‐deposition (VMD) techniques for visualizing sebaceous fingermarks require the deposition of a material thereon in a vacuum chamber. Despite that similarity, there are many differences between the two techniques. The film deposited with the CTF technique has a columnar morphology, but the film deposited with the VMD technique comprises discrete islands. A split‐print methodology on a variety of fingermarked substrates was used to determine that the CTF technique is superior for developing fingermarks on clear sandwich bags and partial bloody fingermarks on stainless steel. Both techniques are similar in their ability to develop fingermarks on glass but the CTF technique yields higher contrast. The VMD technique is superior for developing fingermarks on white grocery bags and the smooth side of Gloss Finish Scotch Multitask? tape. Neither technique worked well for fingermarks on black garbage bags. 相似文献
396.
The traditional histology method typically employed by forensic anthropologists involves plastic embedding of undecalcified bone. The embedded sample is then cut by a diamond blade saw and ground to the required thickness of ~50–100 microns using a grinder. There are several limitations to this method: Cement lines may be blurred; depth‐of‐field artifacts may result from viewing thick sections; and medicolegal offices with limited budgets may not be able to invest in additional equipment or training for this method. A silver nitrate stain modification of the standard histology preparation technique of decalcified bone is presented. The benefits of this technique are that: Cement lines are viewed clearly; no depth‐of‐field artifacts are present; and because this is a modification of the standard technique used by histology laboratories typically employed by medicolegal offices, no additional equipment or training is required. 相似文献
397.
Noelia I. Zanetti Ph.D. Elena C. Visciarelli Ph.D. Nestor D. Centeno Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2015,60(4):919-927
Beetles associated with carrion play an important role in recycling organic matter in an ecosystem. Four experiments on decomposition, one per season, were conducted in a semirural area in Bahía Blanca, Argentina. Melyridae are reported for the first time of forensic interest. Apart from adults and larvae of Scarabaeidae, thirteen species and two genera of other coleopteran families are new forensic records in Argentina. Diversity, abundance, and species composition of beetles showed differences between stages and seasons. Our results differed from other studies conducted in temperate regions. Four guilds and succession patterns were established in relation to decomposition stages and seasons. Dermestidae (necrophages) predominated in winter during the decomposition process; Staphylinidae (necrophiles) in Fresh and Bloat stages during spring, summer, and autumn; and Histeridae (necrophiles) and Cleridae (omnivores) in the following stages during those seasons. Finally, coleopteran activity, diversity and abundance, and decomposition rate change with biogeoclimatic characteristics, which is of significance in forensics. 相似文献
398.
Camille Rérolle M.D. Julien Pucheux M.D. Thierry Lefrancq M.D. Céline Barrault M.D. Pauline Saint‐Martin M.D. Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2015,60(4):1095-1098
In the case reported here, the antemortem computed tomography scan (CT scan) was essential in the forensic investigation. A 32‐year‐old man was found fully awake with a facial abrasion, after what seemed to be a car accident. He lost consciousness suddenly one hour after initial management. Successive CT scan showed a facial fracture and a metallic foreign body in the carotid canal associated with an occlusion/dissection of the left internal carotid, a pseudoaneurysm, and a carotid‐cavernous fistula. The victim died from a stroke. Autopsy confirmed that the facial abrasion was a gunshot entrance wound, the metallic foreign body being a projectile. Intracranial vascular injuries linked with gunshot wounds are most of the time isolated and due to pelet embolism. The observed vascular injury association has never been described in the existing literature. The CT scan provided a better understanding of the chronology of events that led to death. 相似文献
399.
Shawna N. Bolton M.Sc. Michael P. Whitehead Ph.D. Jayesh Dudhia Ph.D. Timothy C. Baldwin Ph.D. Raul Sutton Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2015,60(4):1061-1067
This study investigated the postmortem molecular changes that articular cartilage undergoes following burial. Fresh pig trotters were interred in 30‐cm‐deep graves at two distinct locations exhibiting dissimilar soil environments for up to 42 days. Extracts of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint cartilage from trotters disinterred weekly over 6 weeks were analyzed by Western blot against the monoclonal antibody 2‐B‐6 to assess aggrecan degradation. In both soil conditions, aggrecan degradation by‐products of decreasing molecular size and complexity were observed up to 21 days postmortem. Degradation products were undetected after this time and coincided with MCP/MTP joint exposure to the soil environment. These results show that cartilage proteoglycans undergo an ordered molecular breakdown, the analysis of which may have forensic applications. This model may prove useful for use as a human model and for forensic investigations concerning crimes against animals and the mortality of endangered species. 相似文献
400.
Geroncio C. Fajardo M.D. M.B.A. M.S. M.S. Joseph Posid M.P.H. Stephen Papagiotas M.P.H. Luis Lowe M.S. M.P.H. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2015,60(Z1):S76-S82
There have been periodic electronic news media reports of potential bioterrorism-related incidents involving unknown substances (often referred to as “white powder”) since the 2001 intentional dissemination of Bacillus anthracis through the U.S. Postal System. This study reviewed the number of unknown “white powder” incidents reported online by the electronic news media and compared them with unknown “white powder” incidents reported to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) during a 2-year period from June 1, 2009 and May 31, 2011. Results identified 297 electronic news media reports, 538 CDC reports, and 384 FBI reports of unknown “white powder.” This study showed different unknown “white powder” incidents captured by each of the three sources. However, the authors could not determine the public health implications of this discordance. 相似文献