Ist das neue Umwelt-Rechtsbehelfsgesetz europarechtskonform?

Zusammenfassung Das Umwelt-Rechtsbehelfsgesetz ist am 15.12.2006 in Kraft getreten. Damit kam der deutsche Gesetzgeber seinem Auftrag zur Umsetzung des Gemeinschaftsrechts – wenngleich sehr versp?tet – nach. Schon vor dem Erlass des Gesetzes war die Umsetzung der v?lker- und europarechtlichen Vorgaben ein hei? diskutiertes Thema und auch nach der Umsetzung in deutsches Recht erhitzt die Frage nach der Europarechtskonformit?t des Gesetzes weiterhin die Gemüter. In diesem Beitrag sollen einige der umstrittenen Bestimmungen des Gesetzes n?her beleuchtet und auf ihre Vereinbarkeit mit dem Gemeinschaftsrecht geprüft werden.     

Unity, Diversity and the Fragmentation of International Law: How Much Does the Multiplication of International Organizations Really Matter?

It seems to be presumed by many that the simple multiplicationof international organizations (IOs) weakens the unity and integrityof international law. There is, in reality, nothing obviousin this assumption. First, there needs to be evidence of duplicationor overlaps in the various competences of IOs. Second, it needsto be proven that, in the instances in which the activitiesof IOs do overlap, such overlap translates into competition,divergence or conflict. Last, and most importantly, rival orcompeting activities must be of normative significance. Thisessay proposes to address the preliminary question which, infact, precedes and underpins all the others as regards the multiplicationof IOs and international legal unity: how do IOs matter in themaking of international law? IOs, we argue, are more shapersthan makers of international law and their multiplication istherefore not a source of increased chaos in the internationalnormative puzzle.     

Radicalization as a reaction to failure: An economic model of Islamic extremism

This paper views Islamist radicals as self-interested political revolutionaries and builds on a general model of political extremism developed in a previous paper (Ferrero, 2002). Extremism is modelled as a production factor whose effect on expected revenue is initially positive and then turns negative, and whose level is optimally chosen by a revolutionary organization. The organization is bound by a free-access constraint and hence uses the degree of extremism as a means of indirectly controlling its level of membership with the aim of maximizing expected per capita income of its members, like a producer co-operative. The gist of the argument is that radicalization may be an optimal reaction to perceived failure (a widespread perception in the Muslim world) when political activists are, at the margin, relatively strongly averse to effort but not so averse to extremism. This configuration is at odds with secular, Western-style revolutionary politics but seems to capture well the essence of Islamic revolutionary politics, embedded as it is in a doctrinal framework.     

A Direct Aqueous Derivatization GSMS Method for Determining Benzoylecgonine Concentrations in Human Urine

A sensitive and reliable method for extraction and quantification of benzoylecgonine (BZE) and cocaine (COC) in urine is presented. Propyl‐chloroformate was used as derivatizing agent, and it was directly added to the urine sample: the propyl derivative and COC were then recovered by liquid–liquid extraction procedure. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was used to detect the analytes in selected ion monitoring mode. The method proved to be precise for BZE and COC both in term of intraday and interday analysis, with a coefficient of variation (CV) <6%. Limits of detection (LOD) were 2.7 ng/mL for BZE and 1.4 ng/mL for COC. The calibration curve showed a linear relationship for BZE and COC (r² >0.999 and >0.997, respectively) within the range investigated. The method, applied to thirty authentic samples, showed to be very simple, fast, and reliable, so it can be easily applied in routine analysis for the quantification of BZE and COC in urine samples.     

Piercing the Family's Private Veil: Family Violence, International Human Rights, and the Cross-Cultural Record

International law does not take family violence seriously enough. Although reviews and commentaries of international law regularly ignore family violence, such violence increasingly becomes a central concern of modern international treaties and plans of action. This article details how international law, which still tends to limit itself to inter-state behavior, seeks to transform local cultural practices and forms of interpersonal relations that lead to family violence. Although these developments largely remain in their infancy, the article proposes that international human rights developments are both legitimate and necessary.     

Luxembourg

European Journal of Political Research -