社区戒毒和社区康复中防艾研究——以广州市为例

吸毒与艾滋病传播具有非常密切的联系,在社区戒毒和社区康复中推行艾滋病防治工作具有重要意义。2008年我国禁毒法的颁布施行,确立了社区戒毒和社区康复这一崭新的戒毒模式。要完善防艾机制,可以从广泛推进反歧视运动、加强对吸毒和艾滋病人群的关怀与支持等方面入手。广州市在近年来逐渐形成了一套较为成熟的社区戒毒工作中的防艾机制。     

政府信息公开法制的若干现实问题-以《公开条例》的认知和实施马研讨样本

一、政府信息公开是一场行政管理和行政法制革命吗？ 《中华人民共和国政府信息公开条例》（下称《公开条例》）的颁行，在中国的行政法治进程中具有裹程碑意义。但对如此重要的法律文件，人们尚未形成充分的共识。例如，2009年8月在湖南省长沙市召开的全国行政法学年会上，与会专家学者对于政府信息公开是不是《公开条例》的一项立法原则就众说纷纭，抱持“公开原则说”、“保密原则说”或“具体情况说”的专家学者都有。     

从《宪法》在我国立法中的适用看我国现行《宪法》实施的状况

评价宪法实施状况必须要建立在科学合理的评估机制基础之上,而对宪法实施性质的正确把握以及对宪法实施作宏观和微观两个方面的考察都是正确认识宪法实施状况的有效手段。宪法实施状况主要在于考察宪法实施的监督、宪法适用以及违宪审查的状况,但是,在我国目前的法治状况下,只有宪法适用状况较为容易评估,特别是全国人大及其常委会制定的法律,因为有具体的法律文本可以进行实证性的评估。目前现行《宪法》文本中存在着结构性的实施状况不平衡问题。《宪法》序言、总纲和公民的基本权利部分相对于国家机构和国家象征部分实施状况要差一些。要全面改进我国《宪法》实施的总体状况关键是要树立"依宪治国"、"依宪执政"的法律意识,让政府和社会公众都来主动关注《宪法》作为根本法的应有权威和对人们行为的约束作用。     

我国政策科学发展的困顿和突破口

在政策理论工作者、特定政策的制定者和研究者之间,由于没有形成围绕制定高价值政策这一共同目标相互支撑、优势互补的机制和方法论,致使我国政策科学的学科发展陷于困顿之中:现有理论和方法对特定政策制定,对特定政策研究均未显示出应有的指导性;政策理论工作者,特定政策的研究者和制定者各自为政;理论的科学性、合理性、逻辑性和可操作性受到置疑,因此,学科地位未得到公认。走出困顿,奠定学科地位的突破口可简单表述为:通过政策理论工作者、特定政策的制定者和特定政策研究者三方的共同努力,围绕制定高价值政策这一共同的目标,研制一套政策研究和政策制定优势互补、互为支撑的政策制定科学程式,明确程式中各步骤的目的、目标和基本操作思路,各步骤中常用方法(指导性研究方法、研究设计方法、资料收集方法、统计分析方法、质量控制和评估方法等)、主要用途、适用条件和操作要点;各步骤主要难点、表现形式和消除策略、研究者和决策者各方职责、需协调之处和协调思路等。     

论中国环境公益诉讼制度之原告选择

环境公共利益主体和内容的不明确,加剧了实践中对环境公共利益受损不能实施有效救济的困境,建立环境公益诉讼制度是对环境公共利益受损实施救济的必要条件。建立环境公益诉讼制度的最核心问题是明确环境公益诉讼的原告主体范围。应确立限定性二元原告主体资格机制。环保NGO是环境公益诉讼的最适格原告。应从法律制度设置和运作模式上保障环保NGO参与环境公益诉讼的最优资格。     

Dental age estimation from the developmental stage of the third molars in western Chinese population

The purpose of this study is to provide reference data about estimating dental age from third molars of the western Chinese population for comparing with other populations and being applied to the age estimation of western Chinese juveniles and adolescents. A total of 2078 digital panoramic radiographs of 989 male and 1089 female Chinese subjects aged between 5 and 23 years were examined. The mineralization status of the third molars was assessed using the formation stages described by Demirjian et al. with two modifications. The results showed that the development of third molars in the western Chinese population was likely to begin at age 5 in both males and females. The third molars 28 and 48 showed significantly higher frequency in females than in males. The third molars 18 in the stage 1, 38 in the stages 1, A and G, and 48 in the stage H showed significantly older average age in females than in males. The Demirjian's stages C and D could be used as a reference stage to determine dichotomously whether a western Chinese is more likely to be under or above age 14 or 16, respectively. This study provided reference data for the age estimation of western Chinese juveniles and adolescents by the mineralization stages of the third molar. Apart from forensic age determination in living subjects, the presented reference data can also be used for age estimations of unidentified corpses and skeletons.     

通过改革创新更有效地应对突发事件、保障基本权利、约束公共权力——以甬温线动车追尾事故救援处置工作教训为研究线索

甬温线特大事故警示人们,必须坚决纠正铁路系统政企不分的弊端;甬温线特大事故充分暴露出铁路系统应急法制建设的诸多问题和矛盾,应当予以分析解决;不但应从加强"硬件建设"的角度,还应从加强"软件建设"的角度,配套采取体制、机制和法制改革创新举措,依法有效地应对突发事件、保障基本权利、约束公共权力,提高铁路系统的危机管理和应急法制水平。     

论《反分裂国家法》的立法理念

立法是制订行为规范的高度抽象活动,立法主体必须以一定的思想、理念为指导.本文对<反分裂国家法>的立法理念进行探讨,认为该法蕴涵着民主、法治、和平、科学的立法思想与理念.     

A Molecular Method to Detect Wound Cells in Bloodstains Resultant of Sharp Force Injuries for Crime Scene Reconstruction

Previous research by the authors on an animal model showed that bloodstains can contain additional information about their somatic origin in the form of wound cells. Bloodstains produced by a gunshot wound to the head were distinguished from bloodstains produced by a gunshot wound to the chest by testing the stains for a brain microRNA marker. In this study, the effectiveness of the technique was examined on blood drops shed externally from a stab wound to the liver of rat carcasses. Specifically, investigations were conducted on the liver microRNA marker, rno‐mir‐122‐3p, with the QIAGEN miScript System, and PCR analysis. Between the two stabbing methods used, 67% of the scalpel blades and 57% of the blood drops tested positive for rno‐mir‐122‐3p; however, other samples tested negative giving inconclusive results as to the wound‐of‐origin. The amount of the liver cells in the bloodstains appeared to be related to the extent of trauma.     

Addressing Capital Constraints to Serve the Real Economy

China’s financial regulatory authorities recently took new steps to facilitate capital replenishing for commercial banks.There are strong signals that alleviating lenders’liquidity pressure and smoothening the mechanism for the transmission of the monetary policy has become a priority for the financial sector’s efforts to serve the real economy.