新时期党内民主建设的主要特点和经验

成熟的政党总是在总结历史的经验教训中不断前进的.十一届三中全会以来,中国共产党在发展党内民主方面取得了长足进步,积累了丰富的经验.这些经验与认真吸取改革开放前的教训密切相关.通过改革开放前后的比较,可以概括出中国共产党发展党内民主的主要特点和经验,即着重于党的集体领导,避免个人崇拜;着力于党内民主制度化、规范化,避免随意性、盲目性;着眼于党员主体地位和权利保障,注重权利与义务的统一;立足于民主政治建设,提高民主执政能力.     

行政成本概念鉴辨与重构

科学准确界定行政成本的定义与内涵是深刻认识行政成本的性质和范畴、深入研究行政成本、有针对性地有效控制行政成本的前提和基础。本文提出,行政成本是政府为了获得某种收益而必须为之付出的代价,即政府为了实现对社会的公共管理和为公众提供公共服务,所耗费的各种资源,以及由其所引发出的现今和未来一段时间的间接性损失。     

Cardiac Inhibitory Reflex as a Cause/Mechanism of Death

The role of cardiac inhibitory reflex as a potential cause of death is still a matter of debate. This study reports two cases of death under unusual circumstances. Case 1 corresponds to a man found hanging where the role of ligature compression of the carotid sinus became relevant as a possible explanation of death. In Case 2, the participation of a vasovagal syncope was clearly triggered by the laryngoscopic procedure. It is proposed that cardiac inhibitory reflex should be taken into account in those cases of unexpected death, which fulfills the following three criteria: (i) The investigation of the circumstances of the death is consistent with a hypothesis of cardiac arrest. (ii) A typical triggering peripheral stimulus is present. (iii) The performance of a complete autopsy cannot rule out the participation of a cardiac inhibitory reflex in the cause of death.     

PMICALC: An R code-based software for estimating post-mortem interval (PMI) compatible with Windows,Mac and Linux operating systems

In legal medicine the correct determination of the time of death is of utmost importance. Recent advances in estimating post-mortem interval (PMI) have made use of vitreous humour chemistry in conjunction with Linear Regression, but the results are questionable. In this paper we present PMICALC, an R code-based freeware package which estimates PMI in cadavers of recent death by measuring the concentrations of potassium ([K+]), hypoxanthine ([Hx]) and urea ([U]) in the vitreous humor using two different regression models: Additive Models (AM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM), which offer more flexibility than the previously used Linear Regression. The results from both models are better than those published to date and can give numerical expression of PMI with confidence intervals and graphic support within 20 min. The program also takes into account the cause of death.     

检务公开制度的建立、发展和完善

我国检务公开制度的发展阶段可概括为:初步建立阶段、全方位公开阶段、深入拓展阶段。该制度在实践中还存在一些问题,应在如下方面进一步完善:修改内容,克服检务公开内容的任意性;拓宽渠道,防止检务公开形式的狭窄性;健全机制,增强检务公开的程序刚性。     

真假君子与真假小人之犯罪博弈

真君子、假君子、真小人、假小人这四种人之间的犯罪博弈,表现为表里皆同、表同里不同、表不同里同、表里皆不同等4种博弈对阵场合和16种博弈方式。认识他们之间进行的犯罪博弈的规律有益于对国家机关、社会组织、公众个体进行犯罪防控时采取相应策略。     

Pushing the Boundaries of Education: Evaluating the Impact of Second Step®: A Violence Prevention Curriculum with Psychosocial and Non-Cognitive Measures

The Second Step® violence prevention curriculum was implemented in a large urban school district as part of a comprehensive three-year initiative to impact students at-risk for violence and substance abuse. An outcome evaluation was conducted to assess the intervention's effectiveness on students’ attitudes and on behaviors important for accountability. Results indicated improvements in students’ prosocial attitudes and behaviors that were consistent across two large cohorts of students. Implications for theory and future research are discussed.     

Vitalism's after-burn: The sense of Ana Mendieta

This article considers the influential work of Ana Mendieta. Focusing on her siluetas series, Muñoz describes Mendieta's art as performing a modality of brownness that leaves resonant indentions on the world, what he calls vital materialist after-burns. Mendieta's after-burns are read alongside the poet's of Négritude and their investment in a critical élan vital that speaks to the historical precariousness of dispossessed people. The artist's work is explained as a meditation on a critical brownness that is theorized as the sharing out of the unshareable, the invaluable and the incalculable.?Mendieta's intervention is ultimately described as the work of offering a brown sense of the world in which singularities flow into a politically enabling common.     

鲁迅与失和的二弟周作人

鲁迅家原有兄弟四人,小的早夭,剩下了哥儿仨。鲁迅居长,老二作人,老三建人。周氏三兄弟在中国现代历史上留下了一个吸引人的故事,一个特殊的文化现象,他们所走过的不同道路,对世人特别是对他们的读者具有极大的吸引力和很高的认识价值。正如郑振铎所说,周作人以其文化方面的业绩,在现代文学史上将同鲁迅一起发出耀眼的光芒。然而,鲁迅与周作人这对“双子星座”,情深意笃四十载,一朝失和,永无修复,晨昏相隔,甚至殃及后代,断绝交通往来,这不能不令人注目。     

美国西部教育发展及启示

美国在西部开发时期通过采取确保经费充足、发展师范教育、实施强迫教育等措施,使西部地区的教育得到了迅速发展。学习、研究美国西部教育发展的经验,对我们有如下借鉴与启示:加大对西部地区教育经费的投入;建立相应的师资队伍建设及培训机制;因地制宜地改革工程教育课程体系、结构与内容。