试论刑事审前程序的司法控制与监督

我国刑事诉讼法由于长期受控制犯罪模式的影响,现行法律赋予公安机关在侦查阶段享有除逮捕之外一切强制侦查方法的自行决定权．其不受制约的权力是导致侦查阶段存在严重侵犯公民人身自由等基本权利的最大根源;同时由于我国检察监督的乏力与滞后以及侦查权与国家公诉权的同质性,寄希望于检察机关对审前程序中侦控权力的运行进行制约是不现实的,在检察机关自己侦查的案件中本身也存在着谁来监督“监督者”的疑问。在人权观念深入人心和司法权日益规范的背景和趋势下,在刑事审前程序中建立相应的司法控制和监督制度,就显得尤为重要和迫切。     

由虚转实:农村集体所有制发展的出路与前景

建设社会主义新农村必须做实农村集体所有制。文章分析了家庭承包制的局限性和发展前景,探讨了构建农村新型集体所有制的途径。     

现代性伦理谋划的道德哲学基础

古典资产阶级伦理学家作为现代性道德哲学的典型代表,尽管他们对现代性伦理谋划展开的伦理分析及提供的解决方案各有不同,但他们在现代性伦理谋划中却有共同的特点,即:都以抽象的人性作为伦理体系建构的本体论基础,以理性作为现代性伦理谋划的方法论依据,以美好的幻想及"乌托邦"式的社会运动开启现代性伦理实践。这种道德哲学呈现出唯心的、乌托邦的特征,当用这种道德哲学理论指导实践之时,便会出现现代社会伦理的危机及道德生活实践的悲剧。     

A contingency theory of policy innovation: how different theories explain the ratification of the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol

This article tests theories, elaborated by rationalists, constructivists, and network theorists, that explain the ratification of international environmental treaties. Rationalists argue that countries’ material self-interest and political and economic conditions affect the likelihood of countries ratifying treaties. Constructivists argue that countries are influenced by exposure to world society. Structural embeddedness theory argues that countries are influenced by neighboring countries, religion, language, and economic peers, and those whom they have network ties to via diplomatic relations and IGO memberships. The article is a study of how these factors affected the ratification of two environmental treaties: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol. The results show that political and economic factors, peer behavior, and network ties were more important in explaining the ratification of the Kyoto Protocol than the UNFCCC. Similar to von Stein (J Conflict Resolut 52:243–268, 2008), it found that exposure to world society was important in the UNFCCC. The authors suggested that the differences were due to the demands which the Kyoto Protocol placed on countries in contrast to the “softness” of the UNFCCC. They also discussed how social influence—based on a variety of inter-governmental relations and affiliations—may signal a change in the structure of the global environmental regime and how it conducts its business.