金融功能观视角下中国农村金融体系的设计与创新

如何设计一个"功能互补、覆盖广泛、服务高效、可持续发展"的农村金融体系对满足农村经济金融需求从而促进农村经济发展十分重要。在总结金融机构观指导下的中国农村金融改革的局限性基础上,本文提出了基于金融功能观的农村金融改革思路,并对农村金融体系重新进行了设计。最后,本文就农村金融体系创新的路径选择提出了相关的政策建议。     

谈迁及其《国榷》新探

谈迁较早地放弃了科考,转而全心治史。谈迁立志写作《国榷》,是在天启元年。修史的直接动因,是不满意晚明的当代史纂修事业。第一稿前后用了6年时间,原稿称《国榷》,全书下迄天启,共百卷。以后,续有补写。顺治四年稿子失窃,顺治十年重新成稿。北京几年的反复修改与补充,使《国榷》第二稿更趋完善。在《明实录》尚存的时候,应理性地看待《国榷》,须从第二位角度来思考《国榷》的价值与地位。《国榷》优于《明实录》之处,有以下几点：写出了《明实录》没有写的真相,补充、纠正了《明实录》存在的失误,可补明末三朝记录不足之缺,且有《明实录》的史料信息检索功能。     

"Dangerous" Sexual Consciousness: A Reflection on the Sex Education for Disabled Institutionalized Children in China

This ethnographic study investigates how childcare workers view and react to behaviors of disabled institutionalized children which they consider sexual in a Chinese orphanage. Presuming them primarily as “asexual” or “sexually immature” subjects based on a biomedical understanding of disability and childhood, the childcare workers are anxious to find signs of sexual consciousness in some of these children. Labelled as either “dangerous” or “abnormal”, the sexually conscious candidates are subject to physical punishment and denied access to sex information. In spite of this, they continue to have sexual feelings and engage in sexual behaviors, and some may even develop specific strategies to fulfill their own needs. The interactions between childcare workers and disabled children exemplify the tensions between a disapproving environment for sexual and the sexual agency of disabled people in China. The findings may have wide policy implications for the state, as well as organizations of children’s rights and disability rights, to promote ideas and measures that enable disabled institutionalized children to develop into sexually expressive and fulfilled persons.     

疏肝通络方对大鼠乳腺增生血管生成的影响

目的 观察疏肝通络方对乳腺增生大鼠血管生成的影响.方法 选择未孕雌性Wistar大鼠84只,随机分为正常组、模型组、三苯氧胺组、乳癖消组和疏肝通络方大、中、小剂量组,每组12只.苯甲酸雌二醇和黄体酮肌注复制乳腺增生模型,干预30 d.用免疫组化二步法染色,光镜观察血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF)、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(basic fibroblast growth factor, bFGF)阳性率和微血管密度(microvessel density, MVD);图像分析检测bFGF、MVD的平均光密度和阳性面积.结果 疏肝通络方能降低大鼠乳腺组织bFGF阳性率、平均光密度和阳性面积,减少MVD数量和阳性面积,与模型组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05,或P<0.01);有降低VEGF阳性率趋势,但与模型组比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);对MVD的平均光密度影响不明显.结论 疏肝通络方具有抑制乳腺增生大鼠碱性成纤维细胞因子高表达,减少微血管密度,抑制血管生成的作用.     

扶正益气中药对脾虚大鼠脑内IL-6Rα水平及其基因表达的影响

目的 研究脾虚大鼠脑内白介素-6受体α(interleukin-6 receptor α,IL-6Ra)水平及其mRNA表达的变化,以及扶正益气中药的干预作用.方法 将40只SPF级雄性Wistar大鼠分为正常组、模型组、治疗1组(四君子汤治疗)、治疗2组(玉屏风散治疗).采用耗气破气、饮食失节、劳倦过度结合的方法,复制脾虚动物模型;采用免疫组织化学法测定大鼠脑内IL-6Rα水平,原位杂交法测定大鼠脑内IL-6Rα mRNA表达的变化.结果 与正常组比较,模型组大鼠海马CA1区和下丘脑腹侧核IL-6Ra水平及IL-6Rα mRNA表达水平显著升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,治疗1组和治疗2组IL-6Rα水平及IL-6Rα mRNA表达水平显著降低(P<0.01);治疗1组与治疗2组IL-6Ra水平及IL-6Rα mRNA表达水平比较,差异无显著性.结论 脾虚可导致IL-6Rα水平及其mRNA表达水平异常,扶正益气类中药四君子汤、玉屏风散可以通过调节IL-6Rα水平及其mRNA表达水平,改善机体防御功能.