浅谈公平责任原则

公平责任原则是独立的侵权责任归责原则,是对过错责任原则和无过错责任原则的必要补充,体现民法的公平原则,适应现实需要。本文阐述了公平责任原则的价值,并就其适用条件、适用范围等问题进行了探讨。     

晋中旅游文化产业对山西旅游业的启示

晋中地区物华天宝,人杰地灵,旅游资源丰富多彩。近年来,随着旅游者欣赏水平的不断提高,很多游客的出游动机趋于转变,不再单纯地观赏自然风光,而是倾向于追求一种文化内涵,从中汲取文化积淀,以提高自身文化素养。这为晋中地区的人文旅游提供了一个积极的发展机遇。分析晋中旅游文化产业的成功之处,对推动整个山西旅游业的发展具有积极的作用。     

Postmortem serum uric acid and creatinine levels in relation to the causes of death

Serum uric acid (UA) and creatinine (Cr) mainly derive from skeletal muscle tissues. Although, remarkable postmortem stability of the serum levels has been reported, there appears to be very poor knowledge of the diagnostic value in investigation of death, except for uremia. The aim of the present study was to evaluate postmortem serum UA and Cr levels using 395 forensic autopsy cases, in comparison with blood urea nitrogen (BUN), for investigation of the pathophysiology of death with special regard to the causes of death involving possible skeletal muscle damage, e.g. due to hypoxia, heat or agonal convulsions. Cr and BUN showed relatively good topographic stability in the cadaveric blood, whereas, UA was often much higher in the right heart blood than in the left heart and peripheral blood, independent of postmortem intervals. Moderate to marked elevation of Cr and BUN accompanied with hyperuricemia was observed in delayed death. In the acute death cases (survival time <30 min), UA, especially in the right heart blood, showed a considerable elevation in mechanical asphyxiation and drowning. The Cr level in fire victims with a lower carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) level (<60%) was significantly higher than in those with the possible fatal level (>60%). A similar elevation of Cr was observed in fatalities from heat stroke and methamphetamine (MA) poisoning. The observations suggested that hyperuricemia in acute death may be indicative of advanced hypoxia and that elevated Cr level may reflect the skeletal muscle damage, especially due to thermal influence.     

广西贯彻实施修改后两大诉讼法调查分析——以广西检察机关为例

修改后刑事诉讼法和民事诉讼法实施给司法工作带来深刻影响。广西司法机关从转变执法理念、健全工作机制、加强队伍建设及改善执法条件等方面,积极应对新挑战。从目前的实践状况看,两法贯彻实施过程中各项司法工作态势平稳,但仍存在执法方式滞后、人案矛盾突出、执法能力不适应、内部管理机制不健全、司法保障不到位等问题。对此,应当从执法理念、执法方式、执法机制、执法能力、司法保障等几个方面加强建设。     

比例原则的中国宪法依据新释

比例原则已被全球法治实践反复证明属于人权保障的利剑,必将成为中国合宪性审查的基本标准。为了更好地推进合宪性审查,并消除对比例原则适用范围与功能的误解,有必要探寻比例原则在中国的宪法依据。通过解释我国《宪法》中“权利义务一致性”“基本权利”“人格尊严”“法治国”“征收征用”等条款的尝试,均不能很好或完全地推导出比例原则。比例原则的本质在于调整权力与权利、权利与权利之间的关系,其功能在于合理确定国家权力与公民权利的界限。比例原则内置于权利和权力之中。通过解释我国《宪法》第51条的“权利的限度”条款和第33条第3款的“国家尊重和保障人权”条款,可以得出比例原则在中国具有宪法依据,属于宪法基本原则。     

国家管辖范围外区域海洋遗传资源管理机制探究

国家管辖范围外区域蕴藏着丰富的海洋遗传资源,但现有的国际法尚未对其管理机制作出明确规定。近年来,国际社会在多个论坛对此问题展开讨论,并提出了一系列可供参考的解决进路。其中,扩大管理局的职能范围,使其能对海洋遗传资源进行有效管理具有诸多优势,但与发达国家的利益相左,实施难度较大;采用区域性管理机制能使特定区域纳入法律的运行轨道,却容易导致情势的碎片化;实施短效管理机制虽能防止形势恶化,可并不具有拘束力;制定一部《海洋法公约》的执行协定无疑是解决问题的最佳方式,也是未来的发展方向。     

Postmortem serum catecholamine levels in relation to the cause of death

Catecholamines are major humoral factors and neurotransmitters that contribute to various stress responses. However, they have been considered unstable due to agony, terminal medical care and postmortem interference. The present study was a comprehensive investigation of postmortem serum levels of adrenaline (Adr), noradrenaline (Nad) and dopamine (DA) with regard to the cause of death in serial medicolegal autopsy cases (n=542) including fatalities from various traumas and diseases. There was a slight tendency toward postmortem increases of Nad and DA in cardiac blood as well as Adr and Nad in peripheral blood, a slight age-dependent decrease in Adr and DA in right heart blood, and a marked increase in serum DA due to administration during critical medical care. When these factors were taken into consideration, significantly higher cardiac blood levels were observed for Adr and Nad in injury and asphyxiation cases and for Adr in fatal methamphetamine (MA) abuse and other poisoning cases, whereas those levels were lower in fatal hypothermia. Drowning, fire fatality, acute cardiac death and cerebrovascular disease showed intermediate Adr and Nad levels. The DA level was elevated in cases of injury, hyperthermia, MA fatality and other poisoning. Topographical analyses suggested that the major sources of increased serum catecholamines in cases of injury was abdominal viscera including adrenal glands, and that in cases of asphyxiation, drowning, fire fatality, hyperthermia, MA fatality, other poisoning, acute cardiac death and cerebrovascular disease was the extremities in addition to abdominal viscera. However, there was in part a large case-to-case difference in each marker related to individual causes of death. These findings differed markedly from clinical observations and suggest that the postmortem serum catecholamine levels may reflect the magnitude of physical stress responses during the process of death in individual cases.     

从印度洋海啸看人与自然的和谐发展

2004年12月26日在印度尼西亚苏门达腊岛西北近海发生的里氏9级地震引发了强大的海啸。这次海啸是几十年来地球上所发生的最大一起自然灾害,使印度洋周边国家遭受巨大损失,人员伤亡达30多万,经济损失难以估量,而海啸带给人们的精神伤害更是很难在短期内痊愈。此次灾难再一次表明人类在自然灾害面前的脆弱性和人类活动对环境的破坏性。但它也使人类进一步认识到,人类与自然应该是一个和谐的整体,世界各国必须走和谐发展之路。一、人与自然相互依存世界是一个普遍联系的物质世界,事物作为一个系统而存在,任何系统都存在于一定的环境之中,与环境…     

国际投资自由化进程中的排斥与吸引博弈关系法辨——以韩国为例

国际投资自由化是经济全球化在国际投资领域中的反映,而经济全球化的内在动因又使其成为必然趋势;同时,它是在发达国家的鼓吹和主导下进行的,呈现出对发展中国家不平衡的结构.对国际投资自由化进程中的内在逻辑--政治学层面和经济学层面的分析可以推论出资本始终处于一种排斥一吸引这样一种矛盾和交互的博弈关系之下.而作为国际投资法所能作的选择就只有平衡这种博弈关系,寻求"最优理性决策",使之秩序化.将这一理论用于韩国投资自由化的进程予以实证考察,可以得到正面和反面的论证.我国作为发展中国家,在掌握这一博弈关系的理论基础和借鉴韩国实践的成功经验之上,应该适时适度地对投资政策作出相应的调整,才可以主动和谐地融入国际投资自由化的浪潮之中,从而趋利避害,促进本国经济的发展.     

从《刑法》第167条看合同诈骗犯罪中的国家被害

在对国有企事业单位实施的合同诈骗中 ,犯罪分子利用相关主管人员在签定、履行合同中的失职行为 ,侵害国有资产 ,国家作为犯罪行为恶果的直接承担者是该类犯罪的被害人。国家在合同诈骗犯罪中属于状态被害人 ,在当前社会转型期间 ,其财产被害性更较以往增大 ,须在加强立法、健全管理体制以及深化国有企业改革等方面抓好被害预防。