美国外贸政策决策机制的变革——美国《1934年互惠贸易协定法》述评

<1934年互惠贸易协定法>的通过是美国贸易政策与立法发生重大转变的标志."1934年体制"导致美国<联邦宪法>中由国会主导的贸易政策规制体制真正开始向由国会与总统共享决策体制的过渡完成.其中所涉及的深刻的国际与国内政治一经济背景是解读这一体制的关键所在.审视这一体制并廓清其中所含的法律机理,有助于我们深入剖析美国贸易政策的历史流变,其影响表现在对美国国内贸易政策与国际贸易体制两个层面.     

社会转型中高校与学生的行政关系

我国经济体制与社会管理体制影响了高校与学生关系的性质及表现。计划经济体制下,国家实行高度集中的行政化社会管理体制,高校与学生的关系是在国家行政权作用下的行政关系。市场经济体制下,社会组织主体地位得到确立,高校与学生的关系是建立在行政分权基础上的行政关系,其特征及外在表现应符合现代行政的要求。高校与学生的行政关系应是大陆法系国家的特别权力关系理论最终发展方向。     

抗菌肽的构效关系及其基因表达调控的研究进展

论述了抗菌肽分子结构与功能之间的关系,抗菌肽的抗茵机制及其基因的表达调控途径,阐明了不同来源的抗菌肽均有相似的抗病机理,但来源不同的抗茵肽有其独特的表达方式及调控途径.认为研究抗菌肽的调控机制,对深入认识机体抵抗病原体的侵袭方式及机理,进而人为调控抗菌肽的表达具有重要意义.     

Immunohistochemical distribution of C-reactive protein in the hepatic tissue in forensic autopsy

Previously, we examined the expression of C-reactive protein (CRP) in hepatic tissues in fatal injuries (injury deaths) immunohistochemically, and classified the CRP distribution into three patterns: diffuse (D-) pattern, diffuse with strong positivity in the hepatic lobules; periportal (PP-) pattern, characterized by positive cells in the periportal region of some lobules; focal (F-) pattern, showing small islands of positive cells in some lobules. There was a relationship between the CRP distribution and the survival time. In this study, we further analyzed the deaths including those due to other than fatal injuries (non-injury deaths), and a study of a total of 314 deaths from various causes was performed. Generally, non-injury deaths showed findings similar to those in injury deaths. PP- and/or F-patterns were observed in 43.7% of cases having a short survival time (<6 h), but found in only 3% of those surviving longer (>6 h), showing that such findings are suggestive of a short survival time. D-pattern was found more frequently in non-acute deaths (60.4%), than in acute deaths (10.9%). In acute deaths, D-pattern was found in some cases showing extensive tissue injuries, such as burns and polytrauma, and inflammative predisposition. Immunohistochemical findings also showed some correlation with the serum CRP level. Our data suggest that hepatic CRP immunohistochemistry may be a useful tool for elucidating the dying process.     

Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A levels in cadaveric sera with reference to the cause of death

Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A (SP-A) is an exclusively lung specific protein, and is considered to leak into the blood stream in alveolar septal damage. In this study we examined the serum SP-A level in forensic autopsy materials using an enzyme immunoassay with monoclonal antibodies to assess the postmortem level in relation to the cause and mode of death. Although a gradual postmortem degradation should be taken into consideration, topological relationship of serum level seemed to be fairly stable (arterial> or =venous blood in most cases), indicating no evident influence of postmortem diffusion. Significant elevation of serum SP-A (76.7-250 ng/ml in left heart blood) was observed in hyaline membrane diseases from various causes independent of the postmortem intervals (<30 h). However, mean SP-A levels in postmortem heart blood were usually low in asphyxia including hanging, strangulation and choking (left, 25.5 ng/ml; right, 22.3 ng/ml), polytrauma (left, 13.1 ng/ml; right, 9.0 ng/ml) and stab wound to the neck (left, 34.1 ng/ml; right, 29.4 ng/ml). Prominent elevation was noted in a case of fatal strangulation with complication of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, and also in some deaths due to drowning, burns in fires, blunt and gunshot chest injuries. These findings indicated that postmortem elevation of serum SP-A levels was associated with alveolar septal damage due to inflammation, mechanical and physical stresses, which caused leakage of SP-A into the bloodstream.     

以“三个代表”思想为指导加强思想政治工作

以"三个代表"重要思想为指导,进一步加强思想政治工作,最大限度地调动人民群众的积极性和创造性,以加速我国社会主义现代化建设.     

西部地区中小企业网络营销发展研究

经济发展的实践表明,信息网络技术的发展和应用改变了企业经营理念、经营组织、经营方式和经营方法,不断促使企业飞速发展.网络营销作为一种全新的营销方式,是适应网络技术发展与信息网络社会变革的新事物.本文立足西部地区中小企业发展的特殊性,在简单分析其网络营销现状、面临主要问题的基础上,提出了促进欠发达区域中小企业如何利用网络营销,促进自身较快健康发展的对策建议.     

重塑政府文化:推进行政体制改革的重要思路

政府是政治权力主体的承载者,政府自身的文明程度是政治文明的重要标志.从政治文化的角度考察行政体制改革,可以使人关注那些行政规制背后的主观制约因素,并有助于清理那些影响着政府官员"行政行为"的内在动因.可以说,重塑政府文化对于行政体制改革具有重要的促进作用.     

环境扫描电镜在法庭科学中的应用

介绍了环境扫描电镜中二次电子成像的原理及在非导电样品、含水含油样品、植物及生物样品中的应用.     

“非对称制华”——论日本海上战略新思维

东亚地缘政治形势自2010年起急剧变化。以此为背景,日本对华威胁感知急剧升高,维系日美同盟的需求更加紧迫,扩充本国自主防卫力的意愿更为强烈。受此推动,日本海上战略加速转型,出现了所谓“非对称制华”新思维。它以中美西太两极对峙和对华长期战略竞争为预设,以维持日美同盟西太制海权和防控危机升级为目标,谋求依靠“扬长避短”的策略来扭转自身的资源与能力劣势。同时它希望借助威胁中国的战略软肋以最终夺回中日海上军事较量的主动权。其中“拒止+控制”的作战构想与“成本强加”的威慑构想是两大基本组件。中国应据此反思自身海上战略目标,增强战略弹性,管控行动成本,强化和对手进行长期竞争的能力。