德国能源立法及其对我国的启示

德国一直注重通过法律手段对能源产业、能源供需制度进行调节和监管。目前,德国已形成了以《能源经济法》为基本法,由煤炭立法、石油立法、可再生能源立法、节约能源立法、核能立法、生态税收立法等专门法为中心内容的能源立法体系,对我国的能源立法具有较大的借鉴意义。     

揭开"公司法人格否认"之面纱

揭开公司面纱系英美判例法上发展起来的一项法理原则,此原则过去被日本学者误译为"公司法人格否认",后传入我国并在学界广为流传.以"公司法人格否认"之误译表征"揭开公司面纱"原则不仅在理论上和逻辑上留下诸多漏洞,且其所隐舍的概念法学思维方式更具潜在危害性.我国应以"揭开公司面纱"或"直索责任"取代"公司法人格否认"之不当称谓,并应警惕概念法学思维方式的潜在危害.     

家兔低压电击伤后血清LDH和HBDH活性变化

目的研究家兔非热低压电击伤后不同时间乳酸脱氢酶（lactate dehydrogenase,LDH）和羟丁酸脱氢酶（hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase,HBDH）活性的变化．为I临床和法医学非热电击伤提供诊断依据。方法健康新西兰大白兔40只,随机分为对照组和电击伤后7个时间点的实验组,每组5只。实验组使用本室已建立的非热低压电击伤方法处理,电击后各实验组动物按照预定时间点麻醉后抽取5mL心室血．测定血清LDH,HBDH酶活性。结果在非热低压电击伤后家兔目标血清酶活性发生了动态变化,有一定规律性,其中LDH活性在电击伤后4、12h和1、2、3d明显升高（4、12h和1d P〈0．01;2和3d P〈0．05）;HBDH活性在电击伤后2和3d明显升高（P〈0．05）;电击组HBD肌DH比值在2、4和12h与对照组比较显著降低（P〈0．01）。结论动态监测LDH、HBDH活性,可为非热电击损伤的诊断,损伤时间推断提供理论依据。     

Institutionalized corruption: power overconcentration of the First-in-Command in China

Among various kinds of corruption in China, corruption of the First-in-Command (FIC) is most pernicious, threatening the legitimacy of the Chinese Communist Party and the stability of the state. This paper examines several specific institutional arrangements under China’s current political structure, including the people’s congress, the ruling party system, and the collective leadership team system, to see how they have contributed to power overconcentration in the hands of FICs. This is done in a two-round process: first through the collective leadership team and then by the gestating decision-making rule. The paper also assesses four institutional innovations designed to prevent FIC corruption.

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Debt,democratization, and development in Latin America: How policy can affect global warming

The environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis conjectures a nonlinear relationship between pollution and economic growth, such that pollution per capita initially increases as countries economically develop, but then reaches a maximum point before ultimately declining. Much of the EKC literature has focused on testing this basic hypothesis and, in studies that find evidence of an EKC, estimating the “turning point” level of development at which the per capita pollution‐growth relationship changes sign. This approach has not emphasized the policy relevance of specification issues or the potential role of policy variables. This research explores a modified EKC specification which conditions the pollution‐growth relationship on a country's level of debt and degree of democratization. These variables turn out to be significant, implying that different political and economic contexts can shift EKCs and their turning points. These findings suggest that policies to relieve debt burdens and institute political reform, in addition to their usual justifications, also could be used as a strategy to reduce carbon emissions from developing countries. © 2008 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.     

WTO框架之下构建我国技术法规和标准体系的思考

为了消除国际贸易中不合理、不必要的技术性贸易壁垒,TBT与SPS协定应运而生。WTO在鼓励成员方采纳国际标准,或是在科学根据的前提之下制定高于国际标准的同时,WTO/TBT、SPS协议对各国技术法规的制定和实施采取了一系列约束性规定。我国作为世界上最大的发展中国家,完善的技术法规和标准体系对于我国开拓海外市场,促进出口,以及提高国内产品质量,保障消费者利益等都有着十分重要的意义。因此,我国政府相关部门必须结合我国国情,在广泛借鉴并认真研究WTO相关规则的基础上,构建我国的技术法规和标准体系。     

刍论ICSID仲裁庭对“投资”的界定

《解决国家与他国国民间投资争端公约》的缔结历史表明,长期的协商和谈判并未促成缔约国间就投资一词的含义达成统一意见。同时,由于ICSID仲裁庭的组成依个案而不同,对于投资的界定每个仲裁庭的方法也并不完全相同。根据ICSID仲裁庭过去的判例,仲裁庭主要依据两种方法对投资进行界定。ICSID仲裁庭应当在充分地尊重缔约国因接受ICSID仲裁体制所让渡的主权权利的基础上,严格地解释《解决国家与他国国民间投资争端公约》及双边投资保护条约中投资的含义。因此,笔者认为确有必要改进仲裁庭根据《维也纳条约法公约》界定投资的方法。     

1946～1947年美国对华军火禁运的几个问题

1946~1947年美国对华军火禁运是解放战争时期美国对华政策的一个重要举措。在马歇尔调停期间,为了压制蒋介石配合调停,1946年7月29日马歇尔宣布停止向国民政府提供美援。在蒋介石未做出相应回应的前提下,8月18日杜鲁门总统认可了这一禁令。这项为调停而设计的政策,并没有产生马歇尔预期的影响。不过,它部分地导致了国民党军队军火供应的严重短缺。针对军火禁运给国民党军队所带来的负面影响,围绕着禁令的解除,美国国务院与军方展开了激烈辩论,在国际冷战加剧的背景下,美国国务院最终同意解除对华军火禁运。     

Post-conflict justice in divided democracies: the 1984 anti-Sikh riots in India

Abstract

Official figures claim that almost 3000 people were killed, and many more injured or displaced, in four days of rioting aimed at the Sikh population of Delhi in late October and early November 1984 following the assassination of Indira Gandhi. This article analyses the efforts made to address the human rights violations that occurred. It argues that as a divided democracy, India has struggled to do justice to the victims, despite multiple commissions of inquiry, compensation schemes and a prime ministerial apology. It argues that this has occurred not simply because of challenges commonly faced by democracies dealing with similar incidents, but also because of the particular problems faced in a context in which we see continuity of rule by a political elite allegedly implicated in the abuse and in which there is acute concern for the survival of a fragile divided polity.     

城市单身青年的身份认同探究——基于社会互构理论的视角

基于社会互构理论,研究提出单身青年的身份认同是个人与社会双向互构的结果,单身青年既潜移默化的接受着来自"他者"对于单身者婚恋的看法和态度,也在不断向外界输出自我对于单身状态的理解和演绎,这一过程总体上呈现出正向谐变与反向递变并行的复杂趋势.单身青年通过与国家、利益群体以及个人丛的多重互构共变构建身份认同、形成群体同一性和自我同一性.在现代与传统的交织中,根据互构向度和量级的不同,单身青年分化形成了"恐单族"、"安单族"和"乐单族"三种不同的单身类型.