Psychosocial work environment, interpersonal violence at work and mental health among correctional officers

The main purpose of this study was to present changes occurring between 2002 and 2004 in the prevalence of psychosocial constraints and interpersonal violence at work among officers working in correctional facilities in Quebec. Results suggest that in the absence of specific organizational intervention aimed at improving a deleterious work situation, exposure to low decision latitude remained similar between 2002 and 2004, while exposure to high psychological demands improved somewhat, for both men and women. In 2000, rates of exposure of correctional officers in Quebec to high psychological demands, low decision latitude and the combination of high psychological demands and low decision latitude (job strain) were significantly higher than those obtained for the entire population of workers in Quebec in contact with the public. Exposure of correctional officers in Quebec to intimidation at work increased substantially between 2002 and 2004, among both men and women. Globally speaking, rates of exposure to intimidation by colleagues and superiors practically doubled between 2000 and 2004. Rates of exposure to intimidation among correctional officers in Quebec were particularly high in 2004 (71% among men 66% among women) compared to rates in another study conducted among federal correctional officers (48%) by Samak. The present study also showed that in 2004, correctional officers in Quebec were more likely to present signs of psychological distress linked with work when they were exposed to high psychological demands, low decision latitude, job strain and poor social support from superiors and colleagues. Psychological distress was also shown to be greater when reward at work was scarce and when there was an imbalance between effort and reward at work. Finally, in 2004, psychological distress among correctional officers was also associated with intimidation and psychological harassment at work.     

论农村法治建设对推进"法治浙江"的基础性作用

从"法治"、"依法治国"到"法治浙江"不只是概念的演进更重要的是内容的具体化和层次的上升."法治浙江"除了要建立更为完备的地方立法、司法和法律监督的运行机制外,更为重要的是营造一个健康向上的法治文化氛围、加固经济社会发展中的薄弱环节、给最少受惠者以最大的利益.而要完成后面的任务,必须把目光瞄准广大的农村地区,从三方面推进农村法治建设:一是巩固村民自治制度,扩大乡民的政治权力.二是消除城乡二元结构,保障乡民的合法利益.三是发展新型合作经济,培养乡民的法治人格.     

我国禁毒刑事政策重刑化之反思与重构

我国禁毒刑事政策重刑化在立法层面与司法层面得以体现。毒品犯罪法律体系严厉、重刑适用率与死刑适用率高、量刑标准存在省际差异等问题,与宽严相济刑事政策的内在精神相背离。我国应当在立法上通过罪名分层,以及"但书"条款适用达致宽严相济处理毒品犯罪案件;在司法上统一毒品犯罪死刑适用数量标准,并适用罚金刑实现刑罚轻缓化。     

Educational tracking and juvenile confidence in the police in China

Juvenile confidence in the police (JCP) has become an important research topic in policing. In spite of an increasing amount of research literature on JCP, the influence of educational tracking especially vocational tracking on juveniles’ confidence in the police has received limited scholarly attention. Extant literature suggests a noticeable difference in family backgrounds, attitudinal perceptions, and problematic behaviours between vocational school students and regular high school students. Using the survey data of 3628 students collected from these 2 distinctive segments of educational tracking in a southwestern Chinese city, this study examines if and how youths in vocational schools perceive the local police differently from their regular high school counterparts. The findings indicate that vocational school students had more confidence in the police than their regular high school peers. In addition, school contexts played a significant role in shaping their respective attitudes toward the police. Implications of these findings are discussed.     

国际货币基金组织对印度经济增长的观察和建议

国际货币基金组织每年对其成员国都进行宏观经济和政策的咨询并形成相应的报告,根据ArticleIV,向印度的咨询连续两年对公众公开,使得我们得以了解IMF对印度经济发展的观点。     

我国商事主体法律制度的构建

我国应选择以<商事通则>为统率,以商事单行法调整具体商事关系的商事立法模式.在此立法模式下构建我国的商事主体法律制度,应当遵循保守与超越的基本理念,这是由于新时期我国的民商事立法模式和民事主体与商事主体的关系所决定的.<商事通则>中商事主体的概念应以商事权利能力与行为能力为要素,超越传统商法中商人概念的确定模式;明确规定商事主体的消极资格,放宽对商事主体营业能力的要求,超越传统商法对商事主体资格的认定标准;在商事主体的范围上,以民事主体在经济生活中的表现形式为基础,尊重我国的社会现实,不明确规定商事主体的范围.