Staying Competitive

<正>The advantage of being a late follower is not forever In 2016 China made $5.5 trillion worth of mobile payments while the United States made $112 billion.China is far ahead of Western countries in the field of mobile pay-     

Histopathological findings of cardiac conduction system of 150 Finns

One hundred and fifty heart specimens were collected from the cases submitted for autopsy in the Department of Forensic Medicine in the University of Turku in March-May 1995 and May-July 1996, respectively. The cardiac conduction system (CCS) of these hearts were examined in order to find out the histopathological changes in the CCS of Finnish persons and their forensic pathological significance. There were 94 males and 56 females. Almost all age groups were included. The results revealed that in most of the persons the fibrous tissue and fatty tissue in the CCS increased with aging. In about half of the persons, there was deposition of calcium in the central fibrous body, pars membranacea, and the top of the musculature in the interventricular septum. In seven cases, the atrioventricular node (AVN), His bundle (HB) or bundle branches (RBB, LBB) were compressed by the calcium deposition. Hemorrhage, inflammation, amyloidosis, tumor, fatty infiltration and developmental malformations were observed in 31 cases. Twenty-eight cases died of myocardial infarct, among them, no involvement of the CCS could be observed. The authors concluded that routine examination of the CCS is helpful for revealing diseases of the CCS and improving the quality of forensic pathological diagnosis.     

Interests,Power and China's Difficult Game in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)—an organization interpreted in various ways—officially announced that it intended to ensure regional security by countering international terrorism, ethnic separatism and religious extremism. This article discerns the motivations of the SCO members, arguing that they have their respective, albeit occasionally mutual, interests and priorities. There is generally asymmetry of interests—the principal reason why the SCO's strategic situation is largely a suasion game between China and the members—with China demonstrating a greater interest in the SCO; moreover, the power asymmetry between China and the Central Asian members and the power equality between China and Russia further complicates the situation. This sophisticated relationship implies that despite some measurable results, the SCO faces tremendous challenges in becoming a well-established regional organization.     

刑事诉讼制度的地方性试点改革

地方司法机关围绕刑事诉讼制度进行的试点改革,其兴起并趋于活跃不是偶然的,而是中国特有的刑事司法环境所形塑出来的多种因素与多重机制综合作用的结果。由于这些试点改革由地方司法机关主导,所以,它们在具体的实施中表现出了一些体现中国司法管理与司法制度的运行特点。实践中各种类型的试点改革共享类似的制度逻辑,具有共通的内在特质。它们最大的价值在于可以充当全国层面刑事诉讼制度改革的"实验室",为刑事诉讼立法提供实证依据与经验素材。作为一种高度技术化的法律改革活动,地方司法机关的试点改革存在诸多必须为我们所正视的技术缺陷。未来应该突破价值论的意识形态藩篱,采取有针对性的弥补措施,促进地方司法机关试点改革的发展。     

试论省级行政权力结构的优化——以湖北省省级行政权力清理结果为样本

行政权力结构是行政权力在种类和数量上分布所呈现的形态.不同层级政府的行政权力结构能够反映出行政职能的重心、目标及其在行政权力系统中地位的差异.湖北省省级行政权力清理的结果反映了该省省级行政权力的结构.本文在剖析其行政权力结构现状的基础上,提出了优化省级行政权力结构的对策.     

试论习惯环保法

习惯环保法作为习惯法的一个重要组成部分具有和习惯法相同的特性.习惯环保法在一个社会共同体内具有一定的确定性、统一性和权威性.习惯环保法多数扎根于少数民族地区,是因其特殊的环境或生活习惯所形成的.本文阐述了习惯环保法产生的民族渊源、社会学基础及对其今后的引导方向,认为习惯环保法的变迁决定于当地族群文化的变迁,而后者又决定于当地的经济发展水平,因而习惯环保法的变迁最终取决于经济的变迁.     

A new perspective to explore the technology transfer efficiencies in US universities

Universities play a critical role in the complex technology transfer process that facilitates technology transformation from pure research activities to commercialization. The literature has recently focused on whether universities are efficient in this process. With a two-stage perspective, this study explores the required capabilities for universities to be efficient in technology transfer process. To explore the efficiencies in different stages of technology transfer, we apply a 2-stage process DEA method. The model considers 2 inputs, 2 intermediate variables, and 3 output variables from the Association of University Technology Management database. These variables represent funding resource, patenting activities, and licensing and entrepreneurships. Technology transfer in the 2-stage perspective includes the research innovation stage and the value creation stage. The results show that achieving efficiency in the 2 technology-transfer stages requires many different innovation capabilities; thus, most efficient universities only perform efficiently in one of the two stages. When mapping the relative site of universities in the reference network, we found that efficient universities in the research innovation stage are in a more centralized location than those in the value creation stage. By contrast, in the value creation stage, efficient universities can be identified as different reference groups for specific inefficient universities. The network visualization also helps to explain that universities must consider their relative advantages and capabilities to reach efficiency goals in different stages. The comparison between the large-scale group and the small-scale group also showed that a resource scale is critical for universities to accumulate different required capabilities for efficiencies in both stages.     

论医疗机构对原因不明伤害或死亡病例的报警义务

在涉及刑事犯罪的案件中,警方尽早介入并利用其自身专业技能进行侦查对于案件的早日侦破具有举足轻重的作用。但在法律实践中,有许多案件因为没有及时报警,致使被害者遭受了不应有的损失,同时也会放纵犯罪分子的犯罪行为,加大了其给社会带来的危害性。医疗机构为社会特殊主体,明确其在诊疗过程中对于原因不明伤害或死亡患者是否具有报警义务对于减少医疗纠纷、减轻患者损失、降低社会危险性具有重要意义。在目前我国立法尚未对报警义务的主体加以普遍规定的情形下,本文立足于法律所保护和追求的社会利益,在现行立法的基础上对医疗机构是否具有报警义务进行了分析。     

百年大党的思想引领力与社会号召力——以党的“七一”纪念活动为分析对象

在中国共产党百年华诞之际,总结中国共产党开展"七一"纪念活动的历史经验,可以为新时代"七一"纪念活动提供有益借鉴和启示。纵观中国共产党"七一"纪念活动的百年历程,其基本经验主要有运用文本纪念,建构集体记忆;围绕中心任务,实施政治动员;借助多种纪念形式,营造建党纪念氛围。充分探寻"七一"纪念活动的历史价值,旨在更好地指导新时代"七一"纪念活动的开展。因此,中国共产党"七一"纪念活动应在继承中与时俱进,围绕党和国家的中心任务,赋予其符合时代主题的内涵,创新纪念方式和方法,发挥先进典型的引领作用,激发群众参与热情。新时代开展好"七一"纪念活动,对于增强百年大党的思想引领力与社会号召力,凝聚全民族力量,实现"两个一百年"奋斗目标和中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦具有重要的现实意义。     

中国官员问责发展实证研究

本文根据我国官员问责实践过程中所发生的问责事件,采用定量分析方法,以2003—2006年四年间《人民日报》和《中国青年报》中所报道的73个官员问责事件和212个问责对象为样本,在统计分析的基础上总结我国官员问责的一般特点,即问责属性主要是行政问责、问责一直保持较强的力度、处理措施总体上保持较严厉的状态,官员问责事件中81%的发起者和99%的启动者是上级党政部门。认为我国官员问责中存在内容单一、原因单一、处理形式起伏较大、问责的时间周期较长等问题,并提出了我国官员问责制度构建中的若干思考和建议。