The Economics of Communist Party Membership: The Curious Case of Rising Numbers and Wage Premium during China's Transition

Cities, Poverty, and Development: Urbanization in the Third World. By Alan Gilbert and Josef Gugler. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982. Pp. ix + 246. £15 and £6.95. ISBN 0 19 874083 2 and 874084 0.

Urbanization in Contemporary Latin America: Critical Approaches to the Analysis of Urban Issues. Edited by Alan Gilbert in association with Jorge Hardoy and Ronaldo Ramirez. Chichester: Wiley, 1982. Pp. xv + 286. £26. ISBN 0 471 101834.

National Urbanization Policy in Developing Countries. By Bertrand Renaud. Oxford: Oxford University Press for the World Bank, 1981. Pp. x + 181. £12 and £5.95. ISBN 0 19 520264 3 and 520265 1.

Towards a Political Economy of Urbanization in Third World Countries. Edited by Helen Safa. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1983. Pp. xvi + 315. £4.95. ISBN 0 19 561307 4.

Survey of Slum and Squatter Settlements. By United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (UNCHS/Habitat). Dublin: Tycooly International Publishing, 1982. Pp. ix + 197. £17.50 and £11.50. ISBN 0 907567 24 X and 25 8.     

流动注射—化学方光法检测人体血清内枸橼酸芬太尼

目的建立灵敏测定生物样品中皮克级枸橼酸芬太尼的方法。方法使用流动注射-化学发光法、鲁米诺-溶解氧体系检测芬太尼,蠕动泵流速2.0mL/min,鲁米诺与NaOH混合后被六通阀定量注入系统直至形成稳定基线,同时将样品推进送入混合管。碱性混合液被送入化学发光流通池产生化学发光,光电倍增管和光度计即检测到发光信号强度。结果在1.0～700pg/mL线性范围内,化学发光强度与芬太尼浓度呈线性关系,且发光强度随浓度增大呈增敏趋势,检出限低至0.3pg/mL。相对标准偏差在3.0%以内。分析过程可在30s内完成,采样频率120次/h。回收率98.9%～103.1%。结论该方法已经成功应用于检测人体血清中的枸橼酸芬太尼。     

中国朝鲜族H19基因上游差异甲基化区SNP分布

目的调查中国朝鲜族群体中H19基因上游差异甲基化区(differentially methylated region,DMR)SNP及单倍型分布,为法医学应用及群体遗传学研究提供基础数据。方法收集中国朝鲜族101份无关个体血样和14份来自5个亲缘关系已知的两代家系血样,用PCR-循环测序、McrBC消化DNA后PCR方法检测H19基因上游DMR的SNP,并用亲源印记等位基因(parentally imprinted allele,PIA)分型法进行单倍型检测,再计算相关遗传学参数。结果在H19基因上游DMR 1174bp的目的基因扩增产物中,共检出13个SNP(rs10840167、rs2525883、rs12417375、rs4930101、rs2525882、rs2735970、rs2735971、rs11042170、rs2735972、rs10732516、rs2071094、rs2107425、rs4930098)和5种单倍型,有9个SNP属于高鉴别能力的遗传标记,其单倍型具有较高的个人识别率,单倍型平均基因多样性(GD)为0.714。应用McrBC酶消化基因组DNA的PIA分型法确定了家系子代样本的母源单倍型。结论 H19基因上游DMR在中国朝鲜族群体中具有很高的遗传多态性,母源单倍型的确定进一步提高了印记基因的法医学鉴定效能。     

Development of a Mobile Toolmark Characterization/Comparison System

Since the development of the striagraph, various attempts have been made to enhance forensic investigation through the use of measuring and imaging equipment. This study describes the development of a prototype system employing an easy‐to‐use software interface designed to provide forensic examiners with the ability to measure topography of a toolmarked surface and then conduct various comparisons using a statistical algorithm. Acquisition of the data is carried out using a portable 3D optical profilometer, and comparison of the resulting data files is made using software named “MANTIS” (Mark and Tool Inspection Suite). The system has been tested on laboratory‐produced markings that include fully striated marks (e.g., screwdriver markings), quasistriated markings produced by shear‐cut pliers, impression marks left by chisels, rifling marks on bullets, and cut marks produced by knives. Using the system, an examiner has the potential to (i) visually compare two toolmarked surfaces in a manner similar to a comparison microscope and (ii) use the quantitative information embedded within the acquired data to obtain an objective statistical comparison of the data files. This study shows that, based on the results from laboratory samples, the system has great potential for aiding examiners in conducting comparisons of toolmarks.     

论《日瓦戈医生》对俄罗斯精神的解析

《日瓦戈医生》是苏联著名作家鲍里斯.帕斯捷尔纳克的作品。整部作品创作了十年（1945—1955）,是作者创作的一个顶峰。作品描绘了本世纪初到伟大卫国战争期间俄罗斯知识分子的广阔生活图景,不仅展现给读者生与死的秘密、俄罗斯历史、革命、知识分子、基督教等问题,更为我们解读了俄罗斯民族所具有的一些优秀精神品质。     

脑炎原虫病兔血液中几种免疫指标的检测

为了调查脑炎原虫病兔血液中几种免疫指标的变化,采用E-玫瑰花环试验、流式细胞仪检测、间接ELISA试验和双向免疫琼脂扩散试验对12只病兔和12只对照兔血液中的T细胞、CD4+T细胞、CD8+T细胞和IgG进行了测定。结果显示,脑炎原虫病兔与对照兔相比,E-玫瑰花环形成率增高,CD4+T细胞没有明显变化,但CD8+T细胞明显增多,CD4+/CD8+T细胞的比值变小,血液中IgG含量增高,双向免疫琼脂扩散时形成沉淀线的抗体稀释倍数增大。据此认为,脑炎原虫病兔的体液免疫和细胞免疫均增强,但以细胞免疫为主,CD4+/CD8+T细胞的比值变小可能与兔脑炎原虫所引起的隐性或慢性感染有关。     

论我国食品安全风险交流制度的立法完善

新修订的《中华人民共和国食品安全法》删除了《修订草案》中食品安全风险交流的内容,这对我国食品安全风险防控体系的构建和完善非常不利.食品安全风险时刻存在,食品安全风险交流制度的依法独立构建势在必行.食品企业对内与员工做好相关风险交流工作,依法生产经营,避免被举报的风险;对外与以消费者为代表的社会公众、政府主管部门以及新闻媒体等做好相应的风险交流工作,保证企业良性运转.这都是食品安全风险交流制度构建的重点内容,在一定程度上也是对食品安全风险监测与评估制度的法治效用的体现,应作为后续完善食品安全立法的重要参考.     

马克思主义哲学研究目前的困境与出路

马克思主义哲学研究也有自己的瓶颈,突破困境就能开创更好未来.中国马克思主义哲学研究的困境表现在数量与质量的矛盾以及四条开展研究的路径均面临各自的困境,中国马克思主义哲学研究步入困境的原因在于没有直面现实、融合好传统文化以及缺乏学术交流,未来的马克思主义哲学将呈现综合性研究、分支性研究、个性研究并进的格局.     

谫论民事简易程序的适用

以提高诉讼效益,节约司法资源为制度价值取向的简易程序,在司法实践中的适用不尽如人意,其最终价值在司法实践中并未得到普遍有效的回应.这与简易程序的适用范围狭窄有着联系.要充分发挥简易程序的价值,在设置简易程序时应兼顾程序的简易化与正当化,在界定简易程序的适用范围时,应明确具体的标准.同时尊重当事人程序主体地位和程序选择权.