The National Ballistics Imaging Comparison (NBIC) project

In response to the guidelines issued by the American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors/Laboratory Accreditation Board (ASCLD/LAB-International) to establish traceability and quality assurance in U.S. crime laboratories, a NIST/ATF joint project entitled National Ballistics Imaging Comparison (NBIC) was initialized in 2008. The NBIC project aims to establish a National Traceability and Quality System for ballistics identifications in crime laboratories within the National Integrated Ballistics Information Network (NIBIN) of the U.S. NIST Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2460 bullets and 2461 cartridge cases are used as reference standards. 19 ballistics examiners from 13 U.S. crime laboratories participated in this project. They each performed 24 periodic image acquisitions and correlations of the SRM bullets and cartridge cases over the course of a year, but one examiner only participated in Phase 1 tests of SRM cartridge case. The correlation scores were collected by NIST for statistical analyses, from which control charts and control limits were developed for the proposed Quality System and for promoting future assessments and accreditations for firearm evidence in U.S. forensic laboratories in accordance with the ISO 17025 Standard.     

冷战后印度与东盟关系:调整、发展与趋势

20世纪90年代,适应大国崛起战略的需要,印度的"东向政策"出台。印度的"东向政策"推动了冷战后印度与东盟关系的调整与发展。冷战后的印度与东盟关系的发展呈现"双轮驱动"的态势,一方面印度发展与东盟国家的双边关系,另一方面,依托东盟相关机制,印度发展同东盟的多边关系。未来10-15年,印度与东盟关系的发展将是经贸与安全"齐头并进"的趋势。     

A Y‐Chromosomal Haplotype with Two Short Tandem Repeat Mutations*

Abstract:  The male‐specific Y‐chromosomal short tandem repeat (STR) is a useful tool in forensic casework. The Y haplotype comprised of 16 loci, which is amplified simultaneously by AmpFlSTR^® Yfiler^TM PCR kit and provides strong exculpatory evidence in individual identification. We reported a rare Y‐STR profile with a null allele at the DYS448 locus and an off‐ladder allele at the DYS456 locus, when genotyping material from a vaginal swab in an alleged rape case. Sequence analysis revealed that the DYS448 null allele was a true type of null allele because of a total deletion of 11 upstream repeats and 9 bp of the N₄₂ region, and there were numerous primer binding site mutations as well. The amplicon of the DYS456 locus was a small 92‐bp fragment that was off‐ladder, and sequencing analysis showed that there were only 10 repeats (AGAT)₁₀. This Y chromosome haplotype that was comprised of two variations provided helpful evidence for personal identification.     

6个Y-STR荧光复合扩增系统的建立及应用

目的建立6个Y-STR荧光复合扩增体系,评价其法医学应用价值。方法设计DYS444,GATA-A7.2,GATA-A10,DYS390,GATA-A7.1,DYS443荧光复合扩增引物,扩增总体积20μL,内含模板DNA0.5～10ng,PCR产物用3130遗传分析仪电泳,GenemapperID v 3.2分析结果,根据等位基因标准命名各等位基因,并评价该系统的特异性、准确性、均衡性、灵敏度及对混合血样的分析能力。结果当dNTP、Mg2+分别为200μmol/L、1.5mmol/L时扩增效果最佳,0.5～10ngDNA模板量均能获得较好的扩增效果,各基因座分型结果清晰,扩增均衡,特异性强,重现性好,基本满足实际应用的性能要求。对湖北汉族群体进行遗传学调查,结果GD值0.580 3～0.722 3,共检出158种单倍型,其多样性为0.995 8。结论本文6个Y-STR扩增系统分型可靠,配合常用Y-STR分型试剂盒,可进一步提高个体识别能力。     

论出庭公诉工作面临的挑战及应对——以刑诉法修改为切入点

随着"尊重和保障人权"被纳入我国刑诉法的指导性条文中,为了更好地平衡"惩罚犯罪"与"保障人权"之间的价值关系,刑诉法在修改中对检察机关出庭公诉工作的权利和职责也做出了新的规范和调整,检察机关丧失了原有制度设定的天然优势,出庭公诉工作面临全新的挑战。在压力和动力并存的新形势下,如何认识挑战,把握好庭审的主动权,采取有效的应对措施,在庭审中对犯罪指控有力,使出庭公诉工作借此契机有质的飞跃,是对公诉人的严峻考验。     

浅谈我国学校毒品预防教育评估

学校毒品预防教育评估是学校毒品预防教育过程一个基本环节和基本步骤.应界定学校毒品预防教育评估的概念,认真分析学校毒品预防教育评估的作用、并对学校毒品预防教育评估原则及程序进行了探讨.     

非法证据为何难以有效排除——兼及中国非法证据排除的未来

既往的研究太多从非法证据排除规则粗疏这一制度层面解释非法证据难以有效排除的原因,但这并不充分。从结果层面而言,非法证据没有被排除在很大程度上意味着被采纳。对非法证据难以有效排除的研究必须深入解析法官采纳非法证据的内在原因。法官证据运用的形式主义化、刑法的主观主义倾向以及司法实务部门对证明力规则的过度追求等因素,是诱发法官采纳非法证据的重要原因,并由此造成了非法证据难以有效排除。在非法证据排除的问题上,我们不能仅限于非法证据排除规则的完善,还需将证据信息的供给、刑事实体法的调整、证明方法的转换以及证据能力规则的建设等均纳入视野。     

对我国劳动者单方解除权制度的评析

劳动者单方解除权制度能保护劳动者自由择业的权利,我国《劳动合同法》第37、38条对劳动者单方解除权做了规定。第37条规定了预告解除,第38条第1款规定了通知解除,第38条还规定了立即解除。第37条规定的预告期不做区分处理具有合理性。我国的现行制度下预告解除权可以适用于固定期限劳动合同,与劳动合同期限的约定冲突,与国外规定不一致,对劳动者的保护力度更大,这种立法保护是在不对我国劳动法律制度进行太调整的情况下做出的必然选择。