乙醇对小鼠口服地西泮半数致死量及早期代谢的影响

目的研究乙醇对地西泮半数致死量及早期代谢的影响。方法 1利用AOT425tat Pgm程序测定雌性小鼠经口灌服地西泮单独或与不同剂量乙醇联合染毒时的半数致死量;2低、中、高剂量(50、100、200mg/kg)地西泮单独或与不同剂量乙醇联合染毒,HPLC法测定染毒后15、30、60min时小鼠心血中地西泮及其主要代谢物去甲西泮、奥沙西泮血药浓度,观察染毒早期乙醇对地西泮代谢的影响。结果 1联合染毒使地西泮LD50值明显降低,且下降幅度随乙醇剂量增加而加剧;2各联合染毒组染毒15、30、60min时地西泮、奥沙西泮血药浓度较单独染毒时低;50、100mg/kg地西泮与乙醇联合染毒60min时去甲西泮浓度较单独染毒显著升高,但乙醇剂量影响不大;高剂量地西泮与低、中剂量乙醇联合染毒60min时去甲西泮浓度较单独染毒组时低。结论 1地西泮与乙醇确有毒性协同作用,联合中毒时地西泮半数致死量变化与乙醇剂量有关;2染毒早期,乙醇可使地西泮及奥沙西泮血药浓度降低,同时抑制去甲西泮的代谢,使其药浓度升高,在毒性协同效应发生中有意义。     

重识《中庸》“天命之谓性”中的“天”范畴——关于《中庸》之“天”形而上学解读的反思

《中庸》"天命之谓性"命题中的"天"范畴具有人格神意义,属于宗教之"天",然而学界不乏将其超拔为形而上学之"天"的观点。持此观点者既有理论上的客观依据,也有论者主观上的意图,但都是以用西方哲学诠释中国哲学为前提。这种以西释中的思维方法和理论构建,在一定程度上遮蔽了中国哲学的殊胜之处,故而学人在中国哲学的现代化构建过程中,不能不对这一方法进行反思。     

我国合同法中同时履行抗辩权的效力问题研究——以实体法与程序法为透析视角

同时履行抗辩权是合同法的重要制度之一,其立法目的是督促合同双方履行各自的合同义务,发挥着既"避免授予信用"又"增施履行激励"的价值功能。目前,学界主要从同时履行抗辩权的理论基础和实体法角度展开研究,但在司法中如何适用及在程序法视角下的效力如何也具有较强的研究价值,如举证责任、当事人如何主张、对法院判决的效力有何影响等问题。     

Predicting Organizational Actual Turnover Rates in the U.S. Federal Government

ABSTRACT

This study expands the level of analysis on turnover in public administration, especially in the U.S. federal government, from the individual level to the organizational level by using organizational actual turnover rates. Some scholars argue that public employees' turnover intention generally reflects actual turnover. However, very little empirical evidence supporting this argument has been provided in public administration, especially in a broad array of public agencies. This study has rejected this argument by showing insignificant or weakly significant correlations between organizational actual turnover and weighted turnover intention rates. In addition, overall, the two regression results for organizational actual turnover and turnover intention also show different results from those in the existing literature on individual-level turnover intention. The significant predictors of organizational actual turnover rates are goal ambiguity, pay satisfaction, and diversity policy satisfaction. The correlation and regression results imply that research on predictors of turnover may need to consider the differences that may result from using different units of analysis and to make a distinction between turnover intention and actual turnover.     

An Assessment of Recent Authors and Authorship Patterns in Taiwan's Public Administration Research

The public administration (PA) field in Taiwan has undergone a period of rapid transformation over the past two decades. The purpose of this study is to provide a more recent assessment of Taiwanese PA research. To that end, this study examines the characteristics of contemporary PA authors who published articles in five core PA journals in Taiwan between 1996 and 2007, assesses the journals' co-authorship/collaboration trends over the period, and identifies the publication and funding patterns of the 20 most-frequently published scholars. Implications of the study and suggestions for future research are discussed in the paper.     

The making of Maoist model in post-Mao era: The myth of Nanjie village

Bucking the general trend of privatization in China, the model village of Nanjie has cultivated the image of a “small zone of communism,” a modern-day commune that practices extreme measures of egalitarianism. Such an image is promoted by some Party leaders at the center as well as local cadres, and bolstered by the spectacular display of the village's wealth. With the aid of fieldwork data, our research examines the claims of “success,” “egalitarianism,” and the attribution of “success” to “egalitarianism.” We find that the village's early rise to prosperity took place before the celebrated Maoist practices were introduced, and that its later rapid development was an artifact of politically awarded state loans. We then examine the “actually existing Maoism” by uncovering the capitalist labor relations between the local villagers and the hired laborers, and the political inequality among the village's own legal residents. We conclude by examining the political processes that gave rise to this star village in the post-Mao era.     

论犯罪故意在三阶层体系中的地位

在引入三阶层体系的背景之下,学界对我国《刑法》第14条中犯罪故意的体系性地位产生了诸多争议。在犯罪论体系的发展过程中,随着不法的主观化和罪责的客观化、规范化,心理性故意确立了作为主观构成要件的地位,而罪责故意与违法性认识(不法意识)则留在罪责层面,成为罪责的核心要素。无论是以不法论的基础还是从我国实定法的角度来看,心理性故意均应归属于构成要件而非罪责;在承认故意的双重地位的前提下,对容许性构成要件错误采取"法律效果转用的罪责理论"是迄今为止最为妥当的见解;关于故意与违法性认识(不法意识)的关系,我国《刑法》采取的是罪责理论而非故意理论。在三阶层体系之下,我国《刑法》第14条的犯罪故意应当区分心理性故意、罪责故意与违法性认识(不法意识),其中,心理性故意应当归属于构成要件,而罪责故意与违法性认识(不法意识)则归属于罪责。     

医务人员的“医患沟通”能力是和谐医患关系中的重要保障

本文分析了医务人员在医患关系中所处的地位,认为构建和谐医患关系的主要力量是医务人员;同时在如何构建和谐医患关系方面,又探讨了“医患沟通”对医患关系改变的重要作用;进而阐述了“医患沟通”的内涵特征,同时指出提高医患沟通能力的注意要点。通过本文的探讨,可以认为提高医务人员医患沟通能力是构建和谐医患关系的重要保障!     

Improved estimation of postmortem interval based on differential behaviour of vitreous potassium and hypoxantine in death by hanging

Many formulae are available to estimate the relation between the potassium ([K+]) and hypoxantine ([Hx]) concentration in the vitreous humour and the postmortem interval (PMI). Typically these have been based on a correlation test and linear regression using the postmortal interval as the independent variable and [K+] or [Hx] as the dependent variable in order to estimate the confidence interval. However, a recent study has shown that a more precise measurement of PMI can be obtained if [K+] is used as the independent variable. The regression lines obtained from the most recent deceased subjects with forensic relevance received for autopsy in the Institute of Legal Medicine are [K+] = 5.589 + 0.174PMI and [Hx] = 26.459 + 3.017PMI, by changing the variables, we obtain PMI=3.967[K+] - 19.186 (R2 = 0.688, P < 0.001) and PMI = 0.172 [Hx] + 0.170 (R2 = 0.518, P < 0.001). In this paper we propose the cause of death as an extra factor which modifies the relationship and gives even greater precision in estimating PMI. In cases of death by hanging the results are considerably improved with [K+] = 5.224 + 0.225PMI and [Hx] = 15.161+4.957PMI, respectively, and consequently, PMI = 3.631[K+] - 17.334 (R2 = 0.818, P< 0.001) and PMI = 0.153[Hx] - 0.368 (R2 = 0.757, P < 0.001): the slope is less and the precision is obviously enhanced.     

最密切联系原则在涉外民事法律适用中的地位

最密切联系原则在各国国际私法立法实践中的地位有所不同。在我国,最密切联系原则在《中华人民共和国涉外民事关系法律适用法》中的适用可分为固化连接点和动态连接点,这二者将法律所有连接点的指向全部包括,因而在该法中的地位高屋建瓴或指称基本原则地位。在明确最密切联系原则在该法中的地位后,法官在适用具体法律条文时,需要自由裁量的,应依照最密切联系度的递减进行选择,而非法院地方便主义。