Estimation of stature from body parts

Anthropometric technique commonly used by anthropologists and adopted by medical scientists has been employed to estimate body size for over a hundred years. With the increasing frequency of mass disasters, the identification of an isolated lower extremity and the stature of the person it belonged to has created problems for the investigation of the identity of some of the victims. In spite of a need for such a study, there is a lack of systematic studies to identify fragmented and dismembered human remains. The purpose of the paper is to analyze anthropometric relationships between dimensions of the lower extremity and body height. Analysis is based on a sample of middle class male (N=203) and female (N=108) adult Turks residing in Istanbul. The participants are mostly students and staff members of a medical school, and military personnel. Measurements taken are stature, trochanteric height, thigh length, lower leg length, leg length, and foot height, breadth, and length. Of the five variables entered into the regression analysis, all but foot breadth participate in the analysis with leg length as the first and followed by thigh and foot lengths, and finally foot height in males (R(2)). There were also individually calculated formulae for some of these measurements which provided smaller R(2)-values. Student's t-test to assess if there was any intraobserver error in measurements take by individual anthropometrist did not show such any statistically significant difference. In conclusion, the study suggested that estimation of a living height can be made possible using various dimensions of the lower extremity. One must consider differences between populations in order to apply functions as such to others.     

全球环境治理中的非政府组织

近年来,随着全球环境问题的日益严重,“全球环境治理”开始为人们所关注。作为全球环境治理体系的重要组成部分之一的非政府组织,凭借自身的特点和灵活性,大量涌现于世界环境舞台并逐渐确立了相对独立与自治的地位,拥有着特殊的职能,然而其自身的局限性在很大程度上制约了其环境治理效力的发挥。     

Labour Unrest in Vietnam and China: Insurgency or Contained Contention?

This article reviews three recent books on labour politics in Vietnam and China: Angie Tran’s Ties That Bind: Cultural Identity, Class and Law in Vietnam’s Labor Resistance; Jeffrey Becker’s Social Ties, Resources and Migrant Labor Contention in Contemporary China: From Peasants to Protesters, and Eli Friedman’s Insurgency Trap: Labor Politics in Post-Socialist China. These three books capture the changing patterns of labour unrest and labour institutions in Vietnam and China, which are accounted for by the social foundation of resistance as well as the political economy of capitalist development. Their main contribution to the existing literature is that they draw out the new dynamics and new venues within the state that can both enable and constrain labour resistance and struggle in these countries. However, this article also argues that these works have not adequately theorised the nature of change within the state and the role of the law in labour resistance. It therefore suggests that bringing in the law to socio-political institutions is essential to a research agenda that explores continuity and change in labour politics in Vietnam and China as transitional economies.     

Socialization Goals,Parental Psychological Control,and Youth Anxiety in Chinese Students: Moderated Indirect Effects based on School Type

With rates of adolescent anxiety on the rise in China, it is imperative to investigate whether certain parenting beliefs and practices may be related to anxiety. Specifically, we tested whether parents’ socialization goals relate to parental psychological control, and subsequently, adolescents’ anxiety. We also tested if attending a “key” school (i.e., more competitive and achievement-oriented) or typical school moderated relations. Two hundred forty-seven high-school students (Mage?=?15.62, 57.5% girls) and a caregiver (59.5% mothers) participated. Caregivers completed measures of their socialization goals and their own psychological control. Adolescents reported on their perceptions of parental psychological control and their own anxiety. Psychological control was positively related to youth anxiety. Moderated indirect effects were found. For youth in typical schools, parents who strongly value academic achievement (i.e., achievement oriented goals) and those who strongly value broadening one’s experiences in new places and with new people (i.e., self-development in context goals) had youth who experienced more anxiety, and this relation occurred indirectly through greater parental psychological control. For youth in key schools, only parents’ achievement oriented goals were related to youth anxiety indirectly through parental psychological control. Parents’ interdependence oriented socialization goals were unrelated to either psychological control or anxiety.     

DIP-STR在不平衡混合DNA样本中的分析研究

当前,DNA检验技术作为打击犯罪的利器,在法医鉴定中发挥着巨大作用。但对于性侵、暴力犯罪等案件中提取的混合DNA样本,尤其是从受害人或嫌疑人的接触物上采集的高度不平衡混合DNA样本,利用常染色体STR检验方法得到的结果通常不是很理想。由于PCR扩增偏倚,从混合样本中检测出痕量DNA分型是一个巨大的挑战,也是当前法医DNA检验的一个难点。近年来的研究显示,利用新型连锁遗传标记DIP-STR,即结合缺失或插入多态性片段DIP(deletion–insertion polymorphisms)和STR的连锁位点,可以用来检测出混合DNA样本中任一性别和细胞起源的微量DNA,甚至在DNA混合比例高达1:1000时,DIP-STR标记的灵敏度、特异性仍旧相对较为理想。因此,DIP-STR标记的分析可以作为常染色体STR检验的有效补充。本文将对DIP-STR在不平衡混合DNA样本分析中的研究背景、方法及其应用前景进行综述。     

Coping with Precariousness: How Social Insurance Law Shapes Workers' Survival Strategies in Vietnam

This article examines the role of social insurance law in the survival strategies of factory workers in Vietnam, especially when they are faced with pressing family needs and an uncertain future. Despite the official discourse of the law which encourages employees to accumulate social insurance for their pension benefits, workers in this study have considered their social insurance fund as a form of saving and opted to gain early access to it when they are in desperate need of money. Workers understand and use the law in a way that answers to their needs; however, such action simultaneously puts them outside the protection of the law. In workers' daily struggles, law generates a moral tension between rights and needs, and ultimately perpetuates their precarious, vulnerable condition. The article demonstrates how workers' legal consciousness varies according to their perception of their precariousness, a precariousness generated by the fragile nature of their work and underpinned by their traditional familial moral obligations. This research advances our understanding of the way state law in postsocialist regimes informs social action and consciousness in ways that oftentimes contradict the spirit of the law.     

儒家文化是否先进文化——与蒋庆先生商榷

蒋庆先生提出,所谓"先进文化",即是建立在尧舜文武周公孔子道统上的儒家文化,也就是尚德尚仁的"君子文化",是把善和公正放在第一位的文化,而不是近代西方那种尚力尚利的"小人文化",不是把强力、霸权、功利、效率、欲望放在第一位的文化.蒋庆先生的观点是片面而偏狭的,这主要表现在三方面:一是他没有正确认识和把握儒家文化的基本特性,儒家文化的系统性、历时性和民族性决定了其不可能都是先进文化;二是他把善或道德当成评价文化是否先进的唯一标准,实际上,只有能够实现真善美利四种价值的最大化与最优化,才能称为先进文化;三是他忽视了儒家文化的社会功用性.其实,儒家文化对社会发展所产生的正负多种作用,决定了它不可能隶属于某种单一文化类型.     

实施主体功能区战略的宏观调控法思考

改革开放以来,我国经济建设主要走的是外延粗放式发展道路,不具有可持续性。促进区域经济协调发展和推进形成全国主体功能区,是新时期落实科学发展观,转变经济增长方式的重大战略部署和举措。《“十二五”规划纲要》所提出的“实施主体功能区战略”,有赖于一系列宏观调控措施的综合运用及相关法律制度的保障。     

宪政认同：民族认同的现代性转向——兼析少数民族发展权的宪政认同建构功能

民族认同是当代中国的宪政问题之一。民族间的和谐共存与发展不能仅仅依赖于历史与市场经济的内在凝聚力及公权的强制力,它更应基础性地依赖于民族间发展出一种拥有最大公分母的精神层面共识以及资源理性配置的制度性条件与框架。宪政认同便是对这种依赖的回应。宪政认同是在承认民族认同间差异的基础上,进而为这种差异构建一种法政层面的共性与交集,为民族认同这种历史、文化与感性的认同奠定一种更深层次的制度性认同框架、规范与发展方向。在当今中国语境下,民族认同应以宪政认同为转向目标,公权对少数民族发展权进行法律保障能使其承担起重要的民族完政认同构建功能,而民族宪政认同的发展对民族分离态势的消解起着基础性的作用。     

短信犯罪初探

短信犯罪是指利用短信的区别性传播信息功能,通过向不特定或多数手机用户发送短信达到犯罪目的犯罪行为。本文就短信犯罪的类型,原因以及应对措施进行了具体阐述,以期对实践中预防和打击短信犯罪有所裨益。