Faces of Federalism: From Bullinger to Jefferson

This study argues that the eighteenth-century political philosophyof federalism found its roots in covenant theology of earlyReformed Protestantism in Zurich. It contends that there wasa progression covenant or federal thought from the first publishedarticulation of the theological covenant by Bullinger in 1534,through the use of the covenant notion in defense of tyrannicideby Philippe Mornay, to Johannes Althusius's political philosophyof federalism, as well as the political theories Thomas Hobbesand John Locke, to the Declaration of Independence and the Constitutionof the United States. These different faces or variations offederalism shared several common elements over the 250-yearspan.     

在后现代主义中建构犯罪学理论

现代犯罪学留给我们至少11种互不融合的理论结构,但它们的要塞基础随着现代社会理论的消亡而土崩瓦解。在后现代社会里,能否建构起一种一般性的犯罪学理论或融合不同的犯罪学理论?怀疑不是绝望的理由,而是意识到需要采取创造性行动的证据。     

Shooting Felons: Law,Practice, Official Culture,and Perceptions of Morality1

Until a change in the law in 1967 felons might be shot in order to prevent escape from lawful custody; their death counted as justifiable homicide. Shooting escaping felons came to be particularly associated with Dartmoor Prison, where outside working parties were accompanied by armed guards until the 1950s. But many years before this, administrative action had been directed towards ensuring that fatal shootings should not occur; the last such incident took place in the nineteenth century. This article traces the history of the relationship between formal law and administrative practice.     

Emerging Organized Crime in Chicago

Organized crime is now international in scope and unrestricted by geographical borders. Better organized, more sophisticated, and using high-tech equipment the criminals have developed connections with so-called 'traditional organized crime'. This paper examines in detail the wave of organized criminal activity which has developed in Chicago and has now become entrenched through alliances with existing criminal groups.     

Reconstruction and reconciliation: Emerging from transition

I wish first to address some of the simplistic myths about solutions to social conflict, and then reflect on problems that I have experienced with aid efforts organised by the international community, through the UN. In this, I shall focus on Bosnia rather than on Africa. Bosnia, as part of Europe, did not suffer the apathy that characterised international responses to events in Rwanda and Burundi before 1994. The second part of my presentation will address what I see as the flawed assumptions that often underlie the emphasis on economic reconstruction in the wake of war and conflict.     

Sex offender notification: An exploratory assessment of state variation in notification processes

Prior research suggested that when community members are notified that a sex offender is residing in their neighborhood they are likely to engage in precautionary behavior to prevent potential victimization. Since states employ different processes in notifying community members of the presence of a sex offender, it is important to examine the advantages and disadvantages of the various notification processes. The current exploratory study compared the proactive sex offender notification process in Hamilton County, Ohio, with the passive notification process in Jefferson County, Kentucky. Not surprisingly, study findings indicated that the proactive sex offender notification process used in Ohio resulted in better community dissemination of information.     

Accounting for Corruption: Economic Structure, Democracy, and Trade

Though corruption poses fundamental challenges to both democratic governance and market economies, political science research has only recently begun to address corruption in a comparative context. In this article we explain variation in the perceived level of corruption (defined as the misuse of public office for private gain) across fifty countries. We propose a set of hypotheses that explain variation in corruption levels in terms of domestic political-economic structure, democratic norms, integration into the international economy, and Protestant religious affiliation. Levels of corruption, we propose, are higher: (1) the lower the average income level, (2) the greater the extent of state control of the economy, (3) the weaker are democratic norms and institutions, (4) the lower the degree of integration in the world economy, and (5) the lower the share of the population with Protestant religious affiliation. The data analysis broadly confirms our predictions: in the multivariate regression, each of the independent variables is significant in the direction we expect.     

尸检样本乙醇分析结果的解释策略

由于死后各种复杂的人为现象的存在，使得建立死后血液酒精含量（BAC）和死亡时醉酒状态之间的关系十分困难。在日常检案中必须考虑细菌污染、发酵是否引起死后乙醇再合成．死亡时胃中未被吸收的乙醇是否向周围组织以及血中扩散等问题。本文总结了关于死后乙醇分析及结果解释相关问题的研究文献，旨在为从事法医毒物学乙醇分析的同行在调查此类案件时提供良好的开端。