美国巡警体制对我们的启示

美国的巡警体制有利有弊。巡警在美国社会治安中扮演着十分重要的角色,该警种数量约占全美警察的60%以上,基本上从事第一线的巡逻勤务工作,他们的警用装备精良,但是因其属于地方组建的警种,参加全国统一行动的协调机制较弱。新中国创建的巡警队伍仅10余年历史,尽管各地巡警的组织和装备存在差异,从事一线工作的巡警人数平均不到全国警察的10%,但由于中国巡警从中央到地方实行垂直领导,因此参与全国统一行动的协调机制较强,在当前防控街面犯罪、维护社会治安等方面发挥了应有的职能作用。比较研究中美两国的巡警体制,是为了掌握国外警务动态,取长补短,进一步改革和完善中国的巡警体制。     

浅论加强未成年人思想道德建设的重点和规律

加强未成年人思想道德建设是我们党和政府、全社会必须高度重视的一项工作。文章认为,在当前转型中国,我们仍应进一步认识加强未成年人思想道德建设的重要性和紧迫性,深刻把握加强未成人思想道德建设的方针和重点,努力探索加强未成年人思想道德建设的规律性,切实有效地做好我国未成年人思想道德建设工作。     

The Soviet and the Post-Soviet: Street Names and National Discourse in Almaty

Abstract

While discussing Kazakhstan's post-Soviet identity, scholars treat ‘Kazakhisation’ as a given, and the substance of the process of developing such an identity is usually ignored. This article gives an insight into this process by analysing the politics of street names in Almaty and its relation to collective memory in post-Soviet Kazakhstan. It is argued that the so-called ‘Kazakhisation’ of the country has been shaped primarily by the Soviet legacy, and it is in no sense pursuing the elimination of the Soviet past, or moving essentially anti-Russian lines. In fact, the post-Soviet discourse of the Kazakh nation is not a rupture but a continuation of Soviet discourses.     

Making space for a new role – gender differences in identity changes in couples transitioning to parenthood

Changes in life roles reflect the process of reorganization of identity, which is an important component of adaptation during transition to parenthood. During this family transition gender differences are significant. Despite the fact that in Western societies women and men are encouraged to share family and work responsibilities, female self-concept is more strongly associated with motherhood, whereas men still highly value the role of a breadwinner. Therefore, relative perceived and desired salience, and directly assessed importance of main life roles (a spouse, a worker and a parent) before and after the birth of the child were examined. One hundred and eighty-seven couples participated in the study. The perceived (relative and directly assessed), and relative desired salience of a parental role increased after the child’s birth in both genders. Women valued the parent role higher than men who deemed the worker role more salient to their identity after the child’s birth. Spouse identity seemed to be created in the couple itself as both partners assessed it similarly. Inclusion of couples and repeated measurement of all variables allowed for the analysis of complex changes in self-perceptions in transitions to motherhood and fatherhood.     

Differentiation of Antemortem and Postmortem Appendicular Fractures Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging Signal Intensity Changes in Bone and Soft Tissues,

Intraosseous T1-weighted (T1W) and short-tau inversion recovery (STIR) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal intensity changes—so-called bone marrow edema—may be able to differentiate antemortem and postmortem fractures in human forensic imaging. The primary objective of this study was to investigate this hypothesis using an animal model. Three juvenile Landrace pigs were anesthetized and underwent MRI of both tibiae and both radii using a 1.5 T magnet. T1W, T2-weighted (T2W), STIR, and T2* sequences were included. Antemortem fractures were induced in both tibiae and postmortem fractures in both radii, and MRI was repeated. Two board-certified radiologists blinded to fracture group jointly evaluated the images for intraosseous and soft tissue signal intensity changes. Sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) in identifying antemortem fractures were calculated based on intraosseous, soft tissue, and combined intraosseous and soft tissue signal intensity changes. Intraosseous and soft tissue signal intensity changes, when present, were hyperintense in all sequences. Intraosseous hyperintensity in T1W and T2W sequences yielded Sp of 100% for antemortem fractures. Regardless of sequence, soft tissue hyperintensity was comparatively more sensitive than intraosseous hyperintensity. Sensitivity for each sequence could be maximized by assessment of soft tissue and intraosseous hyperintense signals together; for the T1W sequence, such assessment optimized diagnostic utility yielding a Se of 100% and Sp of 83%. In summary, MRI—particularly the T1W sequence—can differentiate antemortem and postmortem fractures and may be a useful adjunct to the forensic analyses of fractures.     

WTO反倾销协议法律适用的困惑——反倾销协议第17．6（ii）条探微

反倾销争端案件向来是WTO争端解决机制面对的主要挑战之一.世界贸易组织反倾销协议第17.6(ii)条规定了争端解决小组处理反倾销争端案件法律适用的"审查基准",允许当事方对WTO反倾销协议的义务在可被允许的范围内进行解释.但是这样规定似乎存在着逻辑上的矛盾,以至于将大大限制争端解决小组处理争端案件法律争点的能力.     

屯堡文化研究

“屯堡人”是清代废明代卫所屯田制后对分布在贵州省黔中地区明初屯军后裔的专称,至今比较完整地保持着明代江南汉族文化的形式与内容。本文比较系统地分析叙述了屯堡文化的诸种特征。     

大枣现代研究开发进展与展望

大枣在《神农本草经》属上品,味甘平。可安中,养脾,助十二经,平胃气,通九窍,和百药。近年来,对大枣的研究范围广泛,成果卓著。本文就近10年大枣的品种资源、化学成分、药理作用的主要研究进展进行综述,并收集总结了近年来以大枣为主要原料的药品、保健品、食品的研究开发情况等,为相关研究提供近一步参考。