中国行政法法源理论的问题及其重构

行政法的法源是一国行政法规范的总称,应当包括现行所有的成文法规范和不成文法规范。而我国行政法学的通说否认“其他规范性文件”和不成文法规范的法源地位,认为行政法的法源仅仅包括宪法、法律、法规等法律规范。这种理论建立在以立法权为核心的法源学说上,违反了宪法和组织法的规定,割裂了完整统一的法律体系,并带来理论和实践中的大量矛盾冲突。应当重构行政法法源理论,承认“其他规范性文件”和不成文法规范的法源地位。     

中国法的起源及其特征

<正> 在传说中的黄帝时代,属于东夷人集团的蚩尤部落,已经拥有八十一个氏族。他们凭借锐利兵器侵凌他族,横行天下,他们为了统一号令和奴役战败的异族,创制了五种残酷的刑罚,并把它们称为"法"。蚩尤部落的嫡系苗民在施行刑罚上采取了过于激烈的行动,即将五种刑罚广泛地施于内部,从而遭到普遍的抵制,并且削弱了自己的力量。黄帝部落战胜了蚩尤部落,建立了空前规模的部落联盟机构。《管子·五行》说:"黄帝得六相而天地治"。这"六相"分管兵、廪、士师、司徒、司马、李诸职,而蚩尤部的酋长虽被黄帝杀死,其部民却被吸收进来,蚩尤部仍主兵,他们创造的五种刑罚也被继承下来了。其实,"六相"不过是六个部落酋长,他们之间的分工被相对稳定地固定下来,这些"部落显贵"逐渐获得了"担任其他一切官职的独占权",并"世袭"下去。     

Genetic variation at nine STR loci in populations from the Philippines and Thailand living in Taiwan

In order to apply a set of nine STR loci and the amelogenin locus in forensic testing, we have performed a population study on individuals from the Philippines and Thailand living in Taiwan (273 Philippine and 146 Thai individuals were typed by commercially available kits and an automated sequencer). A total of 73 alleles for all systems for both populations could be observed in these two populations. No new intermediate fragments were found. Allele frequencies showed no deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The mean exclusion power (MEP) ranged from 0.327 (TPOX) to 0.706 (FGA), the discriminating power (DP) ranged from 0.790 (TPOX) to 0.963 (FGA) for Philippinos, MEP ranged from 0.247 (TPOX) to 0.723 (FGA), DP ranged from 0.761 (TPOX) to 0.968 (FGA) for Thais, the combined MEP is > 0.9988 and the combined DP is > 0.9999999993 for both Philippinos and Thais.     

Translational criminology and its importance in policing: a review

ABSTRACT

Translational criminology is a decision-making perspective that emphasizes the dynamic coproduction of evidence by researchers and practitioners, focusing on obstacles to and facilitators of evidence generation and utilization. It incorporates several other data-driven decision-making models, including evidence-based policy making. This review suggests that the availability of empirical research is no longer the most significant impediment to evidence-based policing. Rather, translating and implementing knowledge about ‘what works‘ in policing has arisen as the field’s primary barrier to securing the effectiveness and efficiency improvements of research and data utilization. This article orients readers to translational criminology’s various components and explores their applications. Focusing on four central considerations, this review explores the roles of researcher practitioner partnerships, policy, technology, and government in developing and sustaining translational efforts in policing. The review concludes by acknowledging challenges to fostering a translational perspective in policing, and offers examples of where it has been applied with success.     

铸牢中华民族共同体意识的信任内涵、价值及其策略

信任是一种动机力量。铸牢中华民族共同体意识的信任内涵包括培育民族信任关系、传递民族信任情感和建构民族信任文化;其信任价值表现为建构中华民族身份、增进民族成熟度、变革民族治理结构和提升民族生活质量;其信任策略包括表达尊重行为、关心共同利益、赋予责任态度和对话化解分歧。铸牢中华民族共同体意识所形塑的信任文化指引民族团结进步教育的方向。     

尚昌平和她的南疆

<正>After more than 50 visits there since her fi rst one two decades ago,Shang Changping has an abiding love of southern Xinjiang.When she travels around the oasis of Taklimakan Desert,she feels every cottage could be her second home,she says.While 20 years passed,she matured from a girl to a woman,and her love and understanding of Xinjang became more profound.She even speaks with a Xinjiang accent!     

Vietnam: a case of military obsolescence in developing countries

ABSTRACT

Military obsolescence affects the capability of all militaries as it relates to serviceability and performance when countering potential opponents, and more specifically in the case of developing countries lacking strong indigenous defence industries. The gradual nature of this military concern has not been studied systematically, in contrast to military modernisation. This paper presents a synthetic framework composed of several indicators to examine military obsolescence. Vietnam has been selected for the application of the framework for its large number of Cold War legacies and the strategic pressure from China. Hanoi's ageing assets would undermine its position vis-à-vis Beijing, and its defence investment policies face the dilemma of choosing to spend more on naval and aerial power, or ameliorating its army which is technologically lacking compared to its Chinese counterpart.     

论英国的犯罪信息公开制度——以加拉格尔案为切入点

在英国,犯罪信息公开制度一直是一个备受争议的话题。《欧洲人权公约》第8条规定,每个人都享有隐私权,任何侵犯隐私权的行为必须以“合法”和“必要”为前提。2019年初,在加拉格尔系列案的上诉程序中,犯罪记录披露措施是否违反《公约》第8条规定成为英国社会关注的焦点。在该案判决中,英国最高法院虽然支持了前科被披露人员的请求,驳回了上诉,但是,法官们对于犯罪信息公开制度是否符合合法性和必要性标准却存在明显的分歧。通过对该案的基本案情、主要争议点、英国最高法院法官的不同意见的分析,可以为发展和完善我国犯罪记录登记和查询机制提供参考依据。     

固根萃取技术在系统药、毒物分析中的应用

根据反相色谱法及离子交换色谱法的原理,研制了一种固相萃取小柱,建立了筛分系统,可以同时完成对复杂体系中酸性、中性及碱性药、毒物的一次革取净化及富集,适应于系统毒物及药物筛分工作的需要。并对筛分柱的草取机理进行了初步的实验论证。     

统战宣传工作的问题与对策研究——以江门市为例

开展统一战线宣传工作是统战部的主要职责。目前,统战宣传仍存在思想重视不够、机构不健全、经费不足、效果不明显等问题。江门市素有“中国第一侨乡”的美誉,统战资源丰富,强而有力的统战宣传工作使江门统一战线各领域工作事半功倍,有力地促进了江门统战工作的发展。本课题深入调研江门市统战宣传工作情况,分析现状,找出问题,并结合实际,提出对策建议。