GC Analysis of Black Gel Pen Ink Stored under Different Conditions

In many criminal and civil cases in China, the most commonly questioned documents are those written with gel pen ink. An important task for forensic document examiners is to identify whether two or more ink entries in one or more documents were written with the same ink type. The identification of the age of gel ink entries made poses an important and difficult problem for forensic document examiners. In this paper, the volatile components of gel ink were determined and the gel ink was classified by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. Calibration curves were created to express the relationship between the content of volatile gel ink components and the age of gel ink entries stored under natural and UV‐induced aging conditions. The correspondence between the natural and UV‐induced aging conditions was also established. The experimental results showed that GC was useful in the analysis of black gel ink and applicable for determining the relative age of gel ink entries under certain conditions.     

Area Differences and Time Trends in Crime Reporting: Comparing New York with Other Metropolitan Areas

Police measures of crime are shaped by victims’ decisions to notify the police. To obtain a better understanding of US crime trends, this study uses the National Crime Victimization Survey to examine geographic differences and temporal trends in crime reporting in New York and other metropolitan areas for the period 1979-2004. We find that net of crime characteristics and survey methodology, the New York metropolitan area showed fewer increases in crime reporting than did other metropolitan areas. These divergent trends suggest that the real differences in the drop of nonlethal violence between New York and other areas may have been smaller than those indicated by police-based crime statistics. We also find that from the early 1990s to 2004, New York showed a sharp decrease in the likelihood of victims perceiving that “police wouldn’t help.” This trend suggests that police reforms in New York City have not resulted in more victims using police-related reasons to explain their nonreporting behavior. Instead, researchers need to develop a broader theoretical framework (not an exclusive focus on police actions) to understand how police- and nonpolice-related factors may explain the geographic variation in the trends of reporting observed in this study.     

破坏野生动物资源类犯罪若干疑难问题研究

破坏野生动物资源类犯罪为法定犯。但由于行政法、刑法以及司法解释关于野生动物犯罪相关规定存在一定的冲突,特别是在动物保护等级、保护对象、升档标准等方面,导致司法实践在法律适用方面存在众多困难。而在司法实践中,关于动物犯罪案件司法鉴定、主观明知、违法性认识、证明标准等方面也存在不同的观点。     

最高人民法院在合宪性审查中的现状、困境与出路——兼对我国《立法法》第99条第1款解释

我国《立法法》预设了最高人民法院提请全国人大常委会进行合宪性审查的路径。从现有裁判文书来看,最高人民法院在实践中并未遵循我国《立法法》所预设的路径,而是在绝大多数案件中回避了合宪性审查诉求,同时又在个别案件中进行了合宪性审查,陷入了完全回避与直接审查的两难困境。造成这种困境的原因在于,我国《立法法》对最高人民法院在合宪性审查中的权力基础、权力行使程序缺乏清晰的规定。对此,亟待通过法律解释进行明确和细化,否则最高人民法院将无章可循,无法贸然提请全国人大常委会进行合宪性审查。为了化解最高人民法院面对的这一困境,有必要对我国《立法法》第99条第1款进行解释,推导出该条款在授予最高人民法院提请审查权时,还隐含着另一项未被释明的权力即预审权,其共同构成最高人民法院在合宪性审查中的权力基础;同时,为了使预审权与提请审查权的行使制度化,有必要对其行使程序进行细化,建立起预审-提请审查机制。     

新时代社区居民自治实现形式研究

党的十九大报告提出,要推动社会治理重心向基层社区下移,并强调探索创新居民自治有效实现形式是建设社区治理体系的重要方面。本文在分析当前各地探索居民自治取得的成效和存在的不足基础上提出,有效推进社区居民自治,首先需要政府进一步加大放权力度并积极转变角色职能,从过去亲力亲为的社区治理“包办者”转为“引领者”和“服务者”;与此同时,也需要居委会等社区组织通过加强社区“硬环境”和“软环境”建设来吸引居民和其他社会组织的积极参与,以形成政府、社会、居民等多方力量共建共治的社区治理新格局。     

Bright and Sunny

By posting attention-grabbing snippets on China's short video platform Douyin, it took an account going by the name Hainan Boy only eight months to grow a following that evolved from three in November 2020 to 72,000 on September 6.     

基于信任视角的高校教师组织承诺的培育

高校教师是高等学校教学与科研的主体,是推动学校全面、协调、可持续发展的重要力量,高校教师组织承诺的培育是高校人力资源管理的关键.高校教师组织承诺的培育分为三个阶段:建立认知型信任--产生组织承诺;产生情感型信任一发展组织承诺;强化情感型信任一提升组织承诺.     

中德《反不正当竞争法》比较——兼谈对我国《反不正当竞争法》完善的启示

2004年7月8日,德国新的《反不正当竞争法》开始实施。对中德两部《反不正当竞争法》立法保护目的、不正当行为的定义、不正当行为的具体规定以及法律责任四个方面进行比较,从而反思我国《反不正当竞争法》存在的缺陷与不足,进一步探析德国这部新法对完善我国《不正当竞争法》的启示。     

论人力资源管理实践的概念界定与决定因素

人力资源管理实践是企业可持续竞争优势的源泉.本文在探讨人力资源管理实践内涵的基础上,讨论了影响企业人力资源管理实践的主要决定因素,包括战略、所有权、生命周期、人力资源部门的重要程度等六种 因素,并且分析了人力资源管理实践是如何与这些因素相匹配的.