论文化利益结构

文化利益结构是指一个社会(或国家)内部相互关联、相互作用的文化利益取得、分配、交换和消费的网络,是把文化利益单元联系为文化系统的桥梁和中介.文化利益结构包括主体、单元、中介等要素.凡是利益都与某种"权"相联系,因此应该用法律制度和道德约束规范权利.了解文化利益结构的特性,加强对文化产业的管理,合理分配、调整文化利益,对于国家的文化安全、文化发展乃至整个社会的发展,都具有重要的意义.     

生产、销售不符合安全标准的食品罪的司法适用新论——以两高最新司法解释为视角

2013年5月2日,最高人民法院、最高人民检察院颁布的关于食品安全的司法解释对生产、销售不符合安全标准的食品罪进行了详细的规定,明确了本罪的入罪门槛,以仅设置下限不设置上限的罚金刑方式回应本罪谋利性本质,并且将本罪客观行为从“生产、销售”扩大至“加工、销售、运输、贮存”等环节,可谓以“横向到边、纵向到底”的方式全面规制生产、销售不符合安全标准的食品犯罪行为.然而,其仍未解决食品监管渎职罪规定笼统、入罪门槛模糊以及本罪共犯范围过宽的问题,并未做到宽严相济、宽严有度,实现对本罪的合理规制.     

新体制下罪犯劳动改造制度问题研究——基于完善监狱法规的维度

＂任何一种监狱制度总是由一定的社会生产方式和社会制度决定的,以国家的历史、文化传统和国情为背景条件的。具有社会意义和经济意义的罪犯劳动已成为许多现代国家监狱制度中的内容。①＂在中国,将监狱与罪犯联接最为广泛的、最为紧密的是罪犯劳动。     

Does it pay to pollute? Shareholder wealth consequences of corporate environmental lawsuits

In this paper, we employ the event study methodology to examine shareholder wealth consequences of corporate environmental lawsuits filed in the US Circuit Courts from 1980 to 2001. We find that stocks of defendant firms experience significant negative abnormal returns around the lawsuit filing dates. When the plaintiffs are government entities, the abnormal returns of the defendant stocks are significantly negative. On the other hand, when the plaintiffs are individuals or nonpublic business entities, the abnormal returns are statistically insignificant. When lawsuits are filed under EPA's superfund statute, defendant firms experience significant loss in equity value. For shareholders of the average firm in our sample, the empirical evidence suggests that it does not pay to pollute if the firm is sued.     

A novel microassay for measuring blood alcohol concentration using a disposable biosensor strip

A novel disposable amperometric biosensor strip for determination of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) with small volume of sample has been constructed using screen-printed electrodes (SPE), nanocomposite film and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). Firstly, the GNPs-MWCNT-Nafion nanocomposite film modified on a working electrode was made of Nafion-117, multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and gold nanoparticles (GNPs). After that Meldola's blue (MB) acted as an electron transfer mediator and the mixed solution of ADH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) were modified in order on the nanocomposite film. At last, a hydrophilic membrane which had an eyehole in center was placed at the outermost of the working area to make a reaction tank of 5 μL, then the hydrophilic membrane/ADH-NAD(+)/GNPs-MWCNT-MB-Nafion/SPE was prepared. The detection of BAC can be accomplished with 5 μL of blood sample obtained precisely by siphonage. Optimum conditions of the biosensor were experimentally determined by varying several important parameters: working potential, solution pH value, environmental temperature and interferences. Experimental results indicated that the biosensor possessed a good accuracy and stability, the linear response range was 2.0 × 10(-4) to 25 × 10(-3)mol/L and the detection limit of the biosensor was 5.0 × 10(-5)mol/L (S/N=3). In the measurement of blood samples, the proposed biosensor had excellent detection performance for measuring BAC and showed a good correlation with gas chromatography. The prepared biosensor strip can be valid for the analysis of BAC.     

基于公共行政理念的政府公共关系发展历程探析

在公共行政的历史长河中,政府公共关系是一个新生的事物,它伴随着公共行政的发展而发展,经历了传统公共行政阶段、正统公共行政阶段、新公共行政阶段和新公共管理阶段。改革开放20多年来,我国政府公关的意识已经初步确立并日益得到强化,将来会得到更快的发展。     

土地革命时期闽粤赣苏区的客家妇女生活

本文比较全面的探讨了土地革命时期闽粤赣苏区的客家妇女生活.认为在中央苏区进行革命斗争的岁月,广大群众经常处在紧张、热情、亢奋当中,社会生活发生了深刻变化,而客家妇女生活的变化尤其巨大.她们或亲上战场,或在后方大搞生产,节衣缩食支援前方;她们移风易俗,在婚姻自主、文化教育方面取得了可喜的进步;她们创造和编演革命文艺,也尽情享受革命文艺,在物质上、精神上,在家庭内和社会上,生活都换了个样.她们的生活是艰苦的,为革命为社会的付出是巨大的,但她们的内心世界是空前充实的.     

谫论GIF动画在多媒体教学中的应用

为了更好地在多媒体教学中使用GIF动画,本文系统介绍了在Fireworks MX中制作GIF动画的方法和步骤,并阐明了使用Fireworks MX制作GIF动画的长处和优点.     

Neighborhood immigrant concentration and violent crime reporting to the police: A multilevel analysis of data from the National Crime Victimization Survey*

Using data from the Area‐Identified National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), we provide a national assessment of the impact of neighborhood immigrant concentration on whether violence is reported to the police. By drawing on multiple theoretical perspectives, we outline how the level of violence reporting could be higher or lower in immigrant neighborhoods, as well as how this may depend on individual race/ethnicity and the history of immigration in the county in which immigrant neighborhoods are located. Controlling for both individual‐ and neighborhood‐level conditions, our findings indicate that within traditional immigrant counties, rates of violence reporting in immigrant neighborhoods are similar to those observed elsewhere. In contrast, within newer immigrant destinations, we observe much lower rates of violence reporting in neighborhoods with a large concentration of immigrants. Our study findings reveal comparable patterns for Whites, Blacks, and Latinos. The results have important implications for theory, policy, and future research.     

The Optimal Distance of the Electrode to the Lifting Film Surface when Lifting Dust Footwear Impressions Using an Electrostatic Dust Print Lifter

Footwear impressions are one of the valuable physical evidence encountered at crime scenes and its identification can facilitate narrowing down the suspects and establishing the identity of the criminals. The technique of electrostatic lifting (ESL) dust shoeprints at crime scenes is well established with scenes of crime examiners. And in the procedure, the recovery of the original item containing the impression should be made as good as it can and not damage the marks. In this study, the different particle sizes of SiO₂ were used to simulate dust and light soil residues, comparing different particle sizes and electrode positions were used to compare the adsorption ability on the surface of electrostatic lifting film in high‐voltage electrostatic field for the collection of shoeprints. The results indicated that lifting film in electrostatic field will be pressed down to the dust surface, the compaction and electrostatic adsorption force will vary with the distance between the high‐voltage electrode and film surface. Reducing the distance can increase the electric field strength near the lifting film, and the adsorption capacity of Mylar aluminum‐plating film to dusts can be improved significantly. Adsorption capacity of the lifting film was related to the size of dust particles and significantly improved with the increase of the particle charge. The optimum distance which can get the best adsorption capacity between the electrode and film surface is from 10 to 15 mm.